Walker and White
Door Bastian Perez
1. Communicative competence
1.1. Linguistic competence: Means knowing how the language works (structure).
1.2. Sociolinguistic competence: Understanding how language is used in context.
1.3. Discourse competence: Ability to create and use larger pieces of language to create texts or conduct conversations.
1.4. Strategic competence: Ability to manage and navigate communication to repair communication breakdowns, and works around unfamiliar areas of language.
2. Digital competence
2.1. Procedural competence: Ability to manipulate both hardware and software. Knowing how to use technology.
2.2. Socio-digital competence: Knowing what is appropriate to use in different social contexts and knowledge domains. E.g. Use of different resources appropriately (Facebook, Twitter, LinkIn).
2.3. Digital discourse competence: Ability to manage an extended task, using several apps and equipment (record, edit, write a blog, publish your work).
2.4. Strategic competence: Ability to repair problems and work around the gaps in technological knowledge and skills, not meaning possesion of advanced ICT skills, but to think in alternative routes and options.
3. From CALLto TELL
3.1. Warshauer's model can be combined with other to show the evolution in the use of technology to support language learning. We preffer to use Bax's notion of approach because we understand that they may co-exist, even though the tools may change. One difference between CALL and TELL is that technology is not seen as an assisting language learning, but as part of the environment in wich language exists and is used.
4. History of CALL
4.1. Warshauer and Kern (2000)
4.1.1. 1. Structural CAll: Based on a view of language as a formal system of structures.
4.1.2. 2. Communicative CALL: knowledge about language is contructed in learner's mind and with the methodology of CLT
4.1.3. 3. Integrative CALL: It considers multimedia and internet based computers that, in the earlier 21st century were still tied to desk.
4.2. Bax (2003)
4.2.1. 1. Restrictive CALL: The type of questions, taks, responses, and feedback tend to be closed, restricted to whatever is programmed into the system.
4.2.2. 2. Open Call: Includes open-ended interactions with both computers and, occasionally, with other users.
4.2.3. 3. Integrated CALL: It will be achieved when technology is fully normalized.