1. Sexual Representation of women
1.1. Mulata (Mixed black and white)
1.1.1. Considered the embodiment of Brazilian culture
1.1.2. Exotic
1.1.3. Beautiful
1.1.4. Not overly hyper-sexualized
1.2. White
1.2.1. Still Represented as the dominant culture on television
1.3. Black
1.3.1. Holds a "jezebel" reputation
1.3.2. Still associated with slavery
1.3.3. Not exotic
1.3.4. Considered ugly
2. Research Details
2.1. Years Studied
2.1.1. 1992
2.1.2. 1995
2.2. Researcher
2.2.1. Donna M. Goldstein
2.2.1.1. Cornell University
2.2.1.2. Berkeley university
2.3. Reason for research
2.3.1. Dissertation
2.3.2. to get closer to the lives of people whom politics and economics impinged
3. Uses of Humor
3.1. Discontentment
3.2. Anger
3.3. Sadness
3.4. Survival mechanisim
3.5. Fustration
3.6. Aggression
3.7. Form of Power
3.8. Form of resistance
3.9. to Grieve for lost loved ones
3.10. use of humor for darker skinned girls who are unable to speak critically about sexulaity
3.11. Tragedy
3.11.1. Depicted on TV
3.11.2. Daily life Situations for lower class
3.12. Complaints
3.13. The telling of the robbery and rape story provided a way for sexuality, violence, and female victimization to be dealt with through humor.
3.14. The author realized that these stories, aside from their humorous twists and turns, also revealed a great deal of suffering that otherwise would have remained silenced.
4. Setting
4.1. Locations
4.1.1. Rio de Janeiro
4.1.1.1. Second largest city
4.1.1.2. Where young Gloria's family migrated to 1950's
4.1.1.3. City of extreams
4.1.1.3.1. Weathly
4.1.1.3.2. Poor
4.1.1.4. second most important port
4.1.2. Bom Jesus de Moreira
4.1.2.1. Gloria's birthplace
4.1.3. Felicidade Eterna
4.1.3.1. Where Gloria resides
4.1.3.2. Community
4.1.4. Sao Paulo
4.1.4.1. Most prosperous city
4.2. Society
4.2.1. Poverty Stricken
4.2.2. Urban
4.2.3. Uneducated
4.2.4. Generally Dark-Skin
4.2.4.1. Afro-Brazilian Culture
4.2.5. Radically unequal
4.2.6. Racially divided
5. Gender/Family Roles
5.1. Females
5.1.1. Lower Class
5.1.1.1. Peddlers
5.1.1.2. Young women attempting to break tradtions
5.1.1.3. Domestic Work
5.1.1.3.1. lowest-paying Jobs
5.1.1.3.2. Racial
5.1.1.3.3. Extremely long days
5.1.1.3.4. Heavy, Hard work
5.1.1.3.5. Workers considered property
5.2. Males
5.2.1. Lower Class
5.2.1.1. Unruly
5.2.1.2. Gang life
5.2.1.3. Criminals
5.2.1.4. Attempts of resistance of Class
5.3. Children
5.3.1. Attend school
5.3.2. If they do poorly in school they find small jobs in hopes of becoming trained in a skill
5.3.2.1. Cleaning
5.3.2.2. Running errands in shops
6. Persons Reasearched
6.1. Gloria
6.1.1. Domestic worker
6.1.1.1. Employer: Dona Beth
6.1.1.1.1. 50-ish
6.1.1.1.2. middle-class
6.1.1.1.3. Lives in Zona Sul
6.1.1.1.4. Has Daughter, Beth, who wants to be independent
6.1.1.1.5. More caring/helpful than most employers
6.1.2. Born into a family of servants
6.1.2.1. Extreme poverty
6.1.3. Single mother of 13-15 Children
6.1.3.1. Ex-husband, Zezinho
6.1.3.1.1. Deceased
6.2. Gloria's Children
6.2.1. Soneca
6.2.1.1. Helps Gloria at Work
6.2.1.1.1. Attempted Technical school
6.2.1.1.2. Became Preganant
6.2.2. Zeca
6.2.2.1. Deseased
6.2.3. Filomena
6.2.3.1. and Boyfriend Adilson with infant son David
6.2.3.2. works in charcoal factory to escape domestic work
6.2.3.3. Thrown out of house by Gloria
6.2.4. Felix
6.2.4.1. Does poorly in school
6.2.5. Tiago
6.2.6. Pedro Paulo
6.2.6.1. Oldest son
6.2.6.2. In Prison
6.2.6.2.1. Sentenced to 15 Years for armed robbery
6.2.6.3. 30 yrs old at time of research
6.2.6.4. gang member
6.2.6.5. Felt he was cheated out of childhood
6.2.6.6. extremely tall and muscular
6.2.6.7. Expecting father
6.2.7. Anita
6.3. Gloria's "adopted children"
6.3.1. Lucas
6.3.2. Marta
6.3.3. Claudia
6.3.4. Alexandro
6.3.5. Roberto
6.3.6. Plus 3 Children of her former lover's children
6.4. Others:
6.4.1. Eliana
6.4.1.1. Daughter: Elzineia
6.4.1.1.1. Dark Skinned
6.4.1.2. Dark skinned
6.4.1.3. Grandson: Fausto, Mixed race
6.4.1.3.1. Eliana gets mistaken as his domestic care taker due to skin color difference
6.4.1.4. Gloria's BFF
7. Carnival
7.1. Upper & Lower classes unite in festivities
7.2. Last opportunity of indulgence before Lent
7.3. Four day, Five Night Festival
7.4. Gaps between classes forgotten
7.5. Sexuality expressed freely
7.6. Display of Brazilian culture
8. History of Brazil
8.1. Founded under Portugal 1500 by Pedro Alvares Cabral
8.2. Before European invasion, 2-4 Million Native Americans Inhabited Brazil
8.3. Agricultural Economy
8.3.1. Cattle
8.3.2. Coffee
8.3.3. Gold
8.3.4. Diamonds
8.3.5. Sugar
8.4. Economy in decline
8.5. Slavery
8.5.1. Biggest Slave importer over 3 centuries
8.5.1.1. 3.5 million African Slaves imported
8.5.2. Abolition
8.5.2.1. Sexual favors from female servants expected
8.5.2.2. Nurturing services still expected
9. Classes
9.1. Elite/Upper Class
9.1.1. Expected to have servants
9.1.2. Has the MOST power
9.1.2.1. Economically
9.1.2.2. Politically
9.1.3. Designated public spaces
9.1.4. Wealthy
9.1.5. No value placed on learning domestic work
9.2. Middle-Class
9.2.1. Expected to have servants
9.2.1.1. A class marker
9.2.1.2. Status indicator
9.2.2. Income Varies
9.2.3. Lower-Middle class fear slipping into Low Class
9.2.4. Upper-Middle class has more power
9.2.4.1. Economically
9.2.4.2. Politically
9.3. Lower Class
9.3.1. Live in shacks
9.3.2. Ambiguous Postiion
9.3.3. Have Costly Transportation fees to/from work
9.3.4. Majority Afro-Brazilian
9.3.5. Domestic Servents
9.3.6. Children expected to help in household
9.3.7. Main focus is survival
10. Violence
10.1. walls built to protect middle and upper class
10.2. Gangs a problem for all classes in Brazil
10.3. 200,000 children live on street & are in danger
10.3.1. Could be killed
10.3.2. Could easily be recruited into gangs
10.4. organization of death squads
10.5. Lower class parents stress importance of children choosing honest work rather than gangs
10.6. Violence in Family
10.6.1. Harsh punishments for misbehavior
10.6.1.1. Ex: Gloria forced son Lucas to eat his own excrement
10.6.1.2. Gloria banned children from the home as easily as adopted them
10.6.1.3. Child beating common in most families
10.7. Associated with drugs, sexual abuse, rape, beatings and robbery
10.8. violence and murder carried out by both bandits and police
11. Race
11.1. Racism
11.1.1. no civil rights movement
11.1.2. uncomfortable subject in Brazil
11.1.3. African traditions absorbed as Brazilian, therefore de-Africanized
11.1.4. Dark skin & African racial features still associated with slavery & considered ugly
11.1.5. Words describe array of color Skin
11.1.5.1. Black
11.1.5.2. Mixed or Brown
11.1.5.3. Dark
11.1.5.4. Light
11.1.5.5. Closed
11.1.5.6. Freckled
11.1.5.7. White
11.1.6. People of lighter skin believed to have better opportunities in life
11.2. Dichotomy of Black and white
11.3. COROA
11.3.1. Lighter skinned male of wealth and power
11.3.2. Term in Brazilin culture
11.3.3. Dark skinned low class women see seducing a Coroa as a way of social mobility
12. Gangs
12.1. Fueled by drug consumption of upper classes & international drug trade
12.2. Functions
12.2.1. Drug trafficking
12.2.2. provide a place of belonging to it's members
12.2.3. form of resistance against economy & government
12.2.4. Provide housing and cash for families in emergency
12.2.5. Provide employment for local youth
12.2.6. Essentially a justice system for their lower class community
12.2.6.1. utilized revenge
12.3. Considered important local figures
13. Sexuality in Brazil
13.1. Sexual Teasing is common in Feliciadae Eterna
13.2. Brazilians have an open, permissive approach to sexuality.
13.3. Young teens have sexual relations with older men
13.4. Double Standards
13.4.1. Male infidelity is not liked within the culture, but it is considered a norm
13.4.2. Women are expected to be virgins when the consummate the relationship with their male counterpart
13.5. Homosexulaity
13.5.1. Upper Class
13.5.1.1. Connecting sexual and social identity with choice
13.5.2. Lower Class
13.6. Metaphors about food and eating were often used to express ideas about sexuality.
14. Carnivalization of Desire
14.1. Bodily liberation
14.2. Sexual Dancing
14.3. Desire or lust for Buttocks
14.4. Brazil's self-promoted image is an eroticized "tropical paradise"
15. Rape
15.1. Little Protection for women
15.2. Abortion
15.3. Difficult to prosecute
15.4. Women fail to report due to reputation
15.4.1. maintaining "Virginity" is stressed