RACE IN THE AMERICAS 1920'S-PRESENT

1. ENLIGHTENMENT

1.1. Elites in colonized America turned to enlightenment thinkers to articulate call for freedom.

1.1.1. Center belief that everyone had same natural rights

2. Rice of secularism, liberalism, progress, and republic of letters.

2.1. Enlightenment thinkers saw themselves as taking scientific revolution & applying it to social sciences.

3. Locke

3.1. Believed in 3 natural rights: 1) Life 2) Liberty 3) Estate

4. Criolles

4.1. Used liberalism to formulate and develop theories. Didn't look for social or economic change. Didn't grand lower class of society political rights.

5. Blacks in Latin America

5.1. The Yanga was present in Mexico.

5.1.1. Named after African slave Gaspar Yanga who led a rebellion against his spanish colonial masters

5.2. Largest Black population in Columbia

5.2.1. Organizations began in 1970's

5.2.1.1. 1)Center for the investigation and development of black culture 2) Cimarron

6. Racial Formation

6.1. Mexico Much of its political movements were shared with Haiti and eventually turned into an economic movement

6.2. Argentina: Had own expansionist movement in the 19th century.

6.3. Economic expansion required labor

6.3.1. Southern & Eastern Europeans arrived to do labor as well.

6.4. Cuba: Criolles in Cuba struggled for independence

6.5. Spain instituted repressive measures such as "reconcentrados" to stop independence movement

6.5.1. Reconcentrados: A type of reservation or concentration camp.

6.6. Afro-Cubans were seen by whites as unwanted and dangerous

6.6.1. Afro-Cubans created "Partido Independiente de Color" to strive for egalitarian rights.

7. Democracy in Brazil

7.1. Brazil has tried to portray themselves as non-racist

7.2. They hide serious color based discrimination

7.3. Goal: to white Brazilian by pursuing European Immigration

7.4. Kimberle Williams says they never been a racial democracy

8. Immigration

8.1. Japanese emmigrations was much more regulated/supervised by Japanese Government

8.2. Chinese immigration into Latin America began in the mid-19th century

8.3. Peru & Cuba both promoted importance of Chinese Coolies under 8 yr contracts.

8.3.1. Coolie: Term commonly used towards unskilled labourers usually from Asian countries

8.3.1.1. Later confirmed that coolie system was slavery