The European Revolutions of 1848

1. Germany & Central Europe

1.1. Movement for parliament in Germany

1.2. Nations attempting to promote nationality

2. Dynastic authority

2.1. Liberal groups looked toward emperor

2.2. Democratized assemblies recently established

2.3. Many kings and dukes (ex: emperor napoleon) regained power

3. Historical background

3.1. Attempt to form monarchies and empires

3.2. Congresses held to maintain monarchical sovereignty

3.3. "Constitutional-liberal" upheavings

3.3.1. Spain

3.3.1.1. Counter-interventions by conservatives

3.3.2. Russia

3.3.3. Poland

3.3.3.1. Suppressed by Russians

3.3.4. France

3.4. Domestic issues

3.4.1. Difficult economic situation

3.4.2. Overcrowding in houses

3.4.3. No form of social security

4. French revolutions

4.1. Austrian minister re-established order

4.2. France has major impact on Europe

5. Italian revolution

5.1. Liberal papacy

5.2. Rekindled across Italian peninsula