1. #2 Talk as Transaction
1.1. Features:
1.1.1. ● has a main information focus ● the message is the primary focal point ● speaker needs to make themselves understood ● there will be questions, repetitions, and comprehension checks
1.2. Suitable activities:
1.2.1. ● asking for time ● checking in a hotel room ● acquiring help ● role-playing
1.3. Implications in ESL Classroom
1.3.1. ● can be taught by providing sources for practicing how to use talk for sharing and obtaining information
1.4. Implications in ESL Classroom
2. #1 Talk as Interaction
2.1. Features:
2.1.1. ● has a specific social function ● can be formal, or non-formal ● conversational conventions ● both speakers play a role ● has a certain degree of politeness
2.2. Suitable Activities:
2.2.1. ● taking turns to talk ● engaging in small talks ● recounting personal incidents and experiences ● reacting to what others say ● interrupting
2.3. Implications in ESL Classroom
2.3.1. ● can be taught through providing examples in naturalistic dialogues
3. #3 Talk as Performance
3.1. Features:
3.1.1. ● transmit information in front of/ before audiences ● has a focus on both message and audience ● form and language accuracy is essential ● sounds like a written language ● often monologic
3.2. Suitable activities:
3.2.1. ● public speaking ● stand up comedy ●TED talks ● making speeches ● story-telling/ sharing
3.3. Implications in ESL Classroom
3.3.1. ● can be taught by providing examples or models of speeches, oral presentations, videos etc.