Game Elements

1. Cognitive Affective Theory of Learning with Media(Moreno,2005)

2. Feedback

2.1. timing of feedback

2.1.1. immediate vs delayed

2.2. tone of feedback

2.3. delivery of feedback

2.3.1. auditory -visual

3. Learning Theories

3.1. Behavorist

3.2. Cognitivist

3.2.1. Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller, Van Merrienboer, & Paas, 1998),

3.2.2. Theories of Embedded Cognition(Shapiro,2011)

3.3. Constructivist

3.4. Social Learning Theory (Bandura,1977)

4. Player's Choice

4.1. more choice = more intrinsic motivation(Csikzentmihalyi, 1990) ,engagement and personal meaning to learning hence better performance (Cordova &Lepper, 1996)

5. Learner's Interface

5.1. overly complex interface leads to frustration (Juul & Norton, 2009)

5.2. mobile device

5.2.1. allows learner to play the game anywhere(Schwabe & Goth, 2005)

5.2.2. small screen,limited graphic information, and interactivity(Albers & Kem, 2002)

5.3. motion sense input devices

5.3.1. allows player to interact with the game in a natural way by embedding actions performed by the player in real life into the game environment (Skalski, Tamborini, Shelton, Buncher, & Lindmark, 2011).

5.3.2. must take context and space into consideration e.g classroom setting(Turkay et al,2014)

5.3.3. simple motions preferred over advanced,complicated gestures (Payne et al., 2006)