1. Geneticist
1.1. TED profile
1.2. eva.mpg.de/~paabo/
2. back to overview map
3. genetics
3.1. chromosomes
3.2. nothing in nature is perfect
3.3. dna sequences
3.4. compare genomes
3.4.1. diferences
3.4.2. human vs chimpanzee
3.4.3. mutations happen
3.4.4. "We contain around 3.2 billion letters of the human genome."
4. DNA
4.1. mother & father
4.1.1. 3 bi letters
4.1.2. 3mi differences
4.1.3. genetic differences
4.1.3.1. genertic variation
4.1.3.1.1. little in africa
4.1.3.2. outside africa closer related
4.1.4. "On average, any 2 humans will share a common ancestor a half a million years ago."
4.2. africa
4.2.1. colonized rest of world
4.2.1.1. asia
4.2.1.2. australia
4.2.1.3. europe
4.2.2. from a genome perspective
4.2.2.1. where al africans
5. genetic variance
5.1. 185 africans
5.2. 184 eurasians
5.3. variance
5.3.1. 38 mi variable positions
5.3.2. single letter difference make it easy to distinguish african or eurasian
5.4. in 95% we can be right from a genome perspective their heritage
5.5. altough look at people (bennetton ad)
5.6. different features
5.6.1. skin
5.6.2. facial
5.6.3. also imuunsystem
5.7. body parts interact with enviroment
5.8. looking at an organ wont tell you its original
6. humans have a recent origin in africa
6.1. neanderthals
6.1.1. western asia/ europe
6.1.2. what happend to them?
6.1.2.1. extract DNA of neanderthals
6.1.2.1.1. animal
6.1.2.2. how to extract
6.1.3. Neanderthal genome project
6.2. neaderthal genome
6.2.1. 55% extracted sofar
6.2.2. visible on the web
6.3. what happend when neaderthals & africans met
6.3.1. how
6.3.1.1. 2 africans
6.3.1.2. does it met with neanderthals
6.3.2. neaderthal matches easier with european
6.3.2.1. same goes for china
6.3.3. neaderthals where not in
6.3.3.1. africa
6.3.3.2. china
6.3.4. today people outside have a small part of neanderthal genome part (therefore visible in DNA)
6.4. discovery in Siberia (2010)
6.4.1. cave
6.4.2. denisovans
6.4.2.1. 40,000 year old pinky bone
6.4.2.1.1. of neanderthal
6.4.2.2. more info in this article
6.5. Nieuw knooppunt
7. did we mix?
7.1. denisovan people
7.1.1. papua new guinea
7.2. west
7.2.1. neanderthals
7.3. east
7.3.1. denisovans
7.4. siberian
7.4.1. both where present
7.5. early forms of humans
7.5.1. disapear
7.5.2. but they still live onwards in every present human (small bit)
7.5.2.1. old component of extict forms
7.5.2.2. is not present in african people