2.2. By late 1837, Mackenzie had given up on peaceful reform. He encouraged his supporters to help him.
2.3. In December 1837,his supporters began to gather a Montgomery's Tavern. Mackenzie's troops were a ragged band of farmers, workers, and unemployed people. hey carried rifles, shot guns, swords, and clubs.
2.4. In early December, Mackenzie led about 400 supporters south along Younge street. They eventually met he troops defending the city, and after a few minuets it was all over. Mackenzie's troops were outgunned and soon fled in panic. Mackenzie thought it would be like he start of he American Revolution. Two of his key supporters in 1837 were captured and hanged as traitors.
2.5. The Rebellion of 1837 in Lower Canada
2.6. The fighting started in Lower Canada in late November 1837. At Saint-Denis armed Patriote supporters captured a seigneur's manor. Two days later, at Saint-Charles, an army troop approached he patriote camp that contained about 100 armed rebels. This battle demonstrated the determination of he government to suppress he rebellion.
3. Key People
3.1. Sir Francis Bond Head (1793-1875)
3.2. - Sir Francis Bond Head started as a soldier in 1825, he retired as a "major" in 1825
3.3. In 1835 he became a lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada. He would be the representaive of the Crown.
3.4. In the beginning he would support reforms to make the government more democratic. But he ignored the council's advice, when the people protested, he would tell them to chainge their views or to resign
3.5. In 1836, the legislative assembly passed a resolution bout Bond Head's behavior and his interference in elections.
3.6. Bond Head's interferance in elections and his support for the Tories showed how far he would go to to resist in Reformers
3.7. After the rebellion in 1837, the British Government lost confidence in Bond Head. He never then held a position in the Government.
3.8. Louis- Joseph Papineau (1786-1871)
3.9. Papineau was born in Montreal, and he studied to become a lawyer. He became interested in politics when he was elected in the legislative council in 1809.
3.10. Papineau supported reform. He believed that the elected assembly should have more power than the appointed parts of the Government.
3.11. In 1823 he traveled to London, England to try and to persuade the British Government to reform the system in Lower Canada
3.12. The Russel Resolutions changed . They convinced many people that peaceful means of change were useless; Papineau's strongest supporters organized a rebellion.
3.13. Papineau was the "voice" of moderate reform in the 1830s. He tried o achieve reform through peaceful means, but eventually he discovered that it wasn't possible. He Papineau died in 1871, at the age of ninety-five.
3.14. William Lyon Mackenzie (1795-1861)
3.15. Mackenzie was born in Scotland and then cam to Upper Canada in 1820. He was a printer and worked with the news paper.
3.16. He was elected to the legislative assembly in 1828 as a strong supporter of reform. But he was expelled in 1831 for publishing false statements about a person. He published articles saying insulting language to describe his enemies.
3.17. Many people hated Mackenzie for calling people "no bodies" He ws re-elected to the assembly four times. But each time, he was prevented from taking his seat there because of his previous libels. During the election of 1836, he published an article saying his support of the Reformer Party In the article. The reforms lost, and Mackenzie blamed the lieutenant-governor for openly supporing the Family Compact. So he started a revolution as an only answer.
