Foundations
by Mary-Catherine Clonts
1. History of Education Chapter 3
1.1. Education for All: The Emergence of a Public High School, this reform in my opinion is one of the greatest reform done to the school system. This reform single handedly helped level the playing field of learning. This reform put to rest of the old ideas of schooling. That at some point there would be chance you would be voted out of your chance to be educated. That Jim who sits next to you in class is your competition and could take your spot in secondary schooling later in life. This also helped instill principles into every childs life even if they were not college bound. Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education: 1. Health 2. Command of Fundamental Processes 3. Worthy Home-Membership 4. Vocation 5. Citizenship 6. Worth Use of Leisure 7. Ethical Character
1.2. Old Deluder Laws are an aspect of History thats hard to believe existed. This set of laws chastised parents for attending "to their child's ability to understand the principles of religion and capitol laws of this country" (FOE, Pg 64). It fined them for their "children's wanton and immodest behavior" It also laid out framework for how to decide how many teachers for each town is needed. "Every town that had 50 households would appoint one person to teach all the children, regardless of gender, to read and write" they also stated that the town was required to pay the teacher (FOE, Pg 64). This document goes on to break down that if the town had 100 households they had to set up a grammar school and if a town failed to follow these guidelines then they could be fined. This set of laws as you can imagine was not very popular in New England. More likely than not the towns simply neglected to provide this mandated education to it's youth. It is remembered however, because it called the public to become responsible for their education.
2. Philosophy of Education Chapter 5
2.1. Pragmatism: tool for guessing and is reflective of reality, motivates people to find the process that will ultimately help them be successful. Pragmatist think more about present problems than problems of the past. Pragmatism is all about ideas and how you approach them and make them become major in society.
2.2. Goal of Education: Dewey's purpose of education was to comfort and console students to discover all of their power and potential. he wanted to prepare the student to change the social order into demographic. Primary goal for students will always be their growth. Dewey wanted students to learn as much as possible to go out in the world and be successful.
2.3. Generic Notes: Dewey's ideas were motivated by the theory of evolution and by the 18th century had faith in progress. His school became a big part of the community by giving kids the skills and information needed to survivie in the real world. Teachers focusing on the needs of students is always the number one priority. Letting the students control their own destiny as they go through the learning process.
2.4. Role of a Teacher: The teachers role is not what it normally would be in this theory a teacher is more of a monitor. The teacher still advises and helps with the course of study. Course work is still created/provided by the teacher. A detailed curriculum is that the students should receive. The curriculum should keep the students on track for the whole school year.
2.5. Key Researchers: George Sanders Peirce, William James. John Dewey
3. Equality of Opportunity Chapter 8
3.1. Describe how class, race, and gender each impact educational outcomes. Evidence shows that highly segregated schools have lower achievement levels than integrated schools and minorities do better in integrated schools.
3.2. What were the two responses to the Coleman Study from 1982? As a result lower class students should attend schools with the middle and upper class to improve their educational success.
4. Educational Inequality Chapter 9
4.1. 2. School Financing, Effective Schools, Curriculum and Pedagoic, Curriculum and Ability Grouping
4.2. 1. Fuctionalist Theorists support the idea that each students' success is determined by their own hard work and desire to succeed. Conflict Theorists support the idea student success us affected by their environment. Interactionists Theorists support that student success is determined by a combination of factors such as family, social class, schools and environment
5. Educational Reform Chapter 10
5.1. 2. School Finance Reforms, where you are born or live determines your advantage for good education.
5.2. 1. sCHOOL Choice, Charter Schools, Tuition Vouchers, Intersectional Choice Plans (public to private), Intrasectional Choice Plans (any public school in district).
6. Politics of Education Chapter 2
6.1. 3. Definition of Educational Problems: Radical
6.1.1. - The educational system has failed the poor, minorities, and women through classist, racist, sexist, and homophobic policies.
6.1.2. - The schools have stifled critical understanding of the problem of American society through a curriculum and teaching practices that promote conformity.
6.1.3. - The traditional curriculum is classist, racist, sexist, and homophobic and leaves out the cultures, histories, and voices of the oppressed.
6.1.4. - In general, the educational system promotes inequality of both opportunity and results
6.2. 2. Unequal Performance: Liberal
6.2.1. "Liberal Perspective argues that individual students or groups of students begin schools with different life chances and therefore some groups have significantly more advantages than others. Therefore, society must attempt through policies and programs to equalize the playing field so that students from disadvantaged background have better chance." (pg. 28)
6.3. 1. The role of the School: Conservative
6.3.1. "Conservative Perspetive believes that schools should ensure that all students have the opportunity to compete individually in the educational market place and that schools should be meritocratic to the extent that individual effort is rewarded. Based on the belief that individuals succeed largely on their own accord, conservatives argue that the role of the school is to provide a place for individual merit to be encouraged and rewarded." (pg28)