1. Schools as Organization Chapter 6
1.1. ID major stakeholders in YOUR district by name ( federal al senators & house of representative, state senator & hous of rep, state superintendent, representative on state school board, local superintendent, and all members on local shcool board.
1.1.1. For Madison City Schools, they are: Federal Senators: Doug Jones, Richard Shelby Federal House Representative: Mo Brooks State Senator: Paul Sanford State House Representative: Phil Williams State Superintendent currently vacant. State Representative on School Board: Ella B. Bell Local Superintendent: Robby Parker Members of Local School Board: Ranae Bartlett, Connie Spears, Tim Holtcamp, David Hergenroeder, Luis Ferrer
1.2. ID & describe the elements of change within 1) School processes and 2) school cultures.
1.2.1. The Elements of change are conflict, new behaviors to learn, team building, and relating process and content. 1) In school processes, conflict must take place to improve processes as it often points out problems. Solving these conflicts will lead to relating content of curriculum to a school's processes. 2) In school culture, new behaviors will effect the fragile state of the school's culture. If team building isn't instituted properly to have said behaviors adopted, 'resistance' to change develops within the school culture.
2. History of U.S Education Chapter 3
2.1. 1. Choose & Describe a reform movement that you think has had the most influence on education
2.1.1. Child-centered reform - schools should tailor their curriculum to the stages of child development.
2.2. 2. Choose & describe one historical interpretation of U.S. Education
2.2.1. Democratic-liberal interpretation - progressive evolution of a school system committed to providing equality of opportunity for all.
3. Politics of Education Chapter 2
3.1. 1. ID & Describe the 4 purposes of education
3.1.1. 1. Intellectual - teaching basic cognitive skills, transmit specific knowledge, and help students acquire higher-order thinking skills.
3.1.2. 2. Political - inculcate allegiance to the existing political order, prepare citizens who will participate in said order, to assimilate diverse cultural groups int a common political order, and to teach children the basic laws of society.
3.1.3. 3. Social - solve social problems, to work as one of many institutions to ensure social cohesion, to socialize children into various roles, behaviors, & values of society.
3.1.4. 4. Economic - prepare students for later occupational roles and to select, train, and allocate individuals into the division of labor.
3.2. 2. Choose & Describe a perspective for the following: 1) Role of the School; 2) Explanations of unequal performance; & 3) definition of educational problems
3.2.1. Conservative Perspective. 1. Schools provide the necessary educational training to ensure that the most talented and hard-working individuals receive the needed tools to maximize economic & social productivity. 2. Unequal performance is due to differences in intelligence, hard work, and initiative of the individual student. 3. Educational problems are the declines in standards, cultural literacy, values, civilizations, and authority, as well as the fact that schools are stifled by bureaucracy & inefficiency.
4. Sociological Perspectives Chapter 4
4.1. 1. Define each of the theoretical perspectives concerning the relationship between school and society:
4.1.1. Functionalism - society is a machine with moral values as its foundation.
4.2. 2. ID & describe 5 effects of schooling on individuals that you think have the greatest impact on students as explained in the book
4.2.1. 1. Knowledge - students gain more knowledge with more schooling.
4.2.2. 2. Attitudes - more education causes student to want to learn more.
4.2.3. 3. Employment - higher levels of education, provided there is an actual job market, generally lead to better pay.
4.2.4. 4. Education - education is the great equalizer among Americans.
4.2.5. 5. Mobility - schooling leads to a drive in students to change their social and economic status, to 'change their lot in life' so to speak.
5. Philosophy of Education Chapter 5
5.1. Describe the particular world view of one of student-centered philosophy of education. Include the following info: generic notions, key researchers, goal of education, role of teacher, method of instructions, curriculum
5.1.1. pragmatism
5.1.1.1. Generic notions: Enables students to work cooperatively in a democratic society.
5.1.1.2. Key Researchers: George Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey.
5.1.1.3. Goal of Education: Schools should prepare students for life in a democratic society by creating cohesion between groups.
5.1.1.4. role of teacher: The teacher is merely a facilitator of knowledge rather than the leader of the classroom.
5.1.1.5. method of instructions: Children should learn in groups and individually by having them asking questions about what they want to know.
5.1.1.6. Curriculum: There needs to be a core curriculum that should change with society and children's interests and needs.
6. Educational Reform Chapter 10
6.1. Describe 2 school-based reforms ( school-based, school-business partnerships, privatization, school-to-work programs, teacher education or teacher quality)
6.1.1. 1) School-Business Partnerships - increases school funding and opportunities for lower income students for furthering education. 2) School-to-Work Programs - increases employment opportunities for students after they graduate.
6.2. Describe at least 2 societal, economic, community, or political reforms that impact education
6.2.1. School Finance Reforms 1) 1990, court ruled that schools needed more funding. 2) 2009, 'at-risk' school funding shift took needed funding from urban schools.
7. Educational Inequality Chapter 9
7.1. Explain at least 2 types of cultural differences theory.
7.1.1. 1) Minorities are taught that they are oppressed and inferior so they don't do well in school. 2) Minorities and working class students have an antischool culture.
7.2. Describe at least 4 school centered explanations for educational inequality.
7.2.1. 1) School Financing - not all schools have enough money to spend on students. 2) Effective School Research - Schools of the same type need to be compared, not just between different types of schools. 3) Between-School Differences - school climates creates inequality. 4) Within-School Differences - grouping students based on their ability creates inequality.
8. Equality of Opportunity Chapter 8
8.1. Curriculum and Pedagogy Chapter 7
8.1.1. Explain a curriculum theory which you advocate ( humanist, social efficiency, developmentalist, social meliorist
8.1.1.1. Modern Functionalist theory -in addition to teaching general cognitive skills, schools teach the general values and norms essential to a modern society.
8.1.2. ID & describe the two dominant traditions of teaching.
8.1.2.1. 1)Mimetic tradition- the purpose of education is to transmit specific knowledge to students 2). Transformative tradition - the purpose of education is to change the student in some meaningful way.
8.2. Describe how class, race, and gender each impact educational outcomes.
8.2.1. Class influences the likelihood of a child dropping out of school and how much they achieve. Race, according to the book, influences how many educational opportunities a child has. Gender influences how well a child does in liberal art vs STEM classes.
8.3. What were the 2 responses to the Coleman Study from 1982?
8.3.1. 1) Private schools are better than public schools. 2) Racial and socioeconomic composition of a school has a greater effect on student achievement than an individual's race and class.