1. Something progressively instilled into man
1.1. language animal
1.1.1. 'Aql
1.1.1.1. ‘binding’ or ‘withholding’
1.1.1.2. innate property that binds and withholds objects of knowledge by means of words
1.1.1.3. 'Aql is synonymous with qalb (قلـب (in the same way as qalb, which is a spiritual organ of cognition called the ‘heart’, is synonymous with 'aql
1.1.1.4. The real nature of 'aql is that it is a spiritual substance by which the rational soul (alnafs al-nÂtiqah الناطقـة النفس (recognizes and distinguishes truth from falsehood
1.1.1.5. articulation of linguistic symbols into meaningful patterns is no other than the outward, visible and audible expression of the inner, unseen reality which we call 'aql
1.2. al-haywÂn al-nÂtiq
1.2.1. rational
1.2.1.1. 'aql
1.2.1.2. reason
1.2.2. nÂtiq and nutq
1.2.2.1. signify a certain power and capacity in man to articulate words in meaningful pattern
1.2.2.1.1. the meaning of ‘meaning’ in our present context, and based on the concept of ma'nÂ), is the recognition of the place of anything in a system
1.2.2.2. conveys the basic meaning of ‘speech’, in the sense of human speech
2. Definition of education
2.1. A process of instilling something into human beings.
2.1.1. Elements
2.1.1.1. Process of instilling
2.1.1.1.1. the method and the system by which what is called ‘education’ is gradually imparted
2.1.1.2. Something
2.1.1.2.1. the content of what is instilled
2.1.1.3. Human beings
2.1.1.3.1. the recipient of both the process and the content
3. Definition of Knowledge
3.1. hadd
3.1.1. a precise or concise specification of the distinctive characteristic of a thing
3.1.1.1. Ex: definition of man
3.2. rasm
3.2.1. a description of the nature of a thing
3.2.1.1. Ex: definition of knowledge
3.2.1.1.1. epistemological definition
3.2.1.1.2. tafsir and ta'wil
3.2.1.1.3. something in knowledge
3.2.1.1.4. recognition of the proper places of things in the order of creation, such that it leads to recognition of the proper place of God in the order of being and existence
3.3. content of education
3.3.1. proper place
3.3.1.1. ‘Proper’ place means ‘real’ and ‘true’ place as denoted by the term haqq, for haqq signifies both reality and truth pertaining to the two domains
3.3.1.2. Main domain
3.3.1.2.1. ontological domain
3.3.1.2.2. theological domain
4. Elements of education
4.1. A process of instilling
4.2. Something
4.3. Human being
5. Adab (أدب )
5.1. Definition
5.1.1. discipline of body, mind and soul
5.1.2. the discipline that assures the recognition and acknowledgement of one’s proper place in relation to one’s physical, intellectual and spiritual capacities and potentials
5.1.3. the spectacle (mashhad:مـشهد (of justice as it is reflected by wisdom.
5.1.4. the recognition and acknowledgement of the reality that knowledge and being are ordered hierarchically according to their various levels (marÂtib) and degrees (darajÂt).
5.1.5. reflection of wisdom (hikmah)
5.2. man of adab
5.2.1. encompassing the spiritual and material life of man
5.2.2. before he became manifested as man,
5.2.2.1. has sealed an individual covenant (mithaq: ميثـاق (collectively with God
5.2.2.2. recognized and acknowledged God as Lord (al-rabb: الـرب (when he witnessed unto his self and affirmed ‘Yea!’ (balÂ) to God’s ‘Am I not your Lord? (alastu bi rabbikum)
5.2.3. before he assumed physical form man
5.2.3.1. equipped with the faculty of spiritual cognition (macrifah)
5.2.3.2. able to recognize and acknowledge, by the fact of what he said in affirmation (qawl) through his intellectual power of speech (nutq),
5.2.3.3. the reality and truth of his existential condition in relation to his Lord
5.2.4. al-nafs al-nÂtiqah - rational soul
5.2.4.1. men of spiritual discernment have referred to man in that spiritual condition
5.2.5. al-nafs al-hayawÂniyyah - animal soul
5.2.5.1. his manifestation in physical form