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FUNDAMENTAL FORCES by Mind Map: FUNDAMENTAL FORCES

1. It causes the radioactive beta decay

2. Weak force

2.1. It applies for subatomic particles: quarks and leptons

2.2. Just interact with particles that spin counter-clockwise.

2.3. Its force carriers are W an Z bosons

2.3.1. Is the third strongest force

2.4. Weak interactions of quarks can change their flavor

2.4.1. It can transform one particle into another

2.5. It is required for building up the particles of the nucleus of atoms

2.5.1. Attracting quarks that keep together protons and neutrons

2.6. Examples

2.6.1. This force is present in the sun, it wouldn't burn without it.

2.6.1.1. Weak interaction creates deuterium and deuterium fusion can take place.

3. Gravitational force:

3.1. Force that attracts two objects with mass

3.1.1. In comparison to the electromagnetic force, gravitational can only attract, not repeal

3.2. It doesn't has a restriction in distance

3.2.1. Electrostatic forces: Between stationary charges

3.3. The force carrier is gravitation, it must have no mass for gravity and no distance in time.

3.4. Is proportional to the product of the energies of the interacting particles. And inversly proportional to the square of the separation between the particles

3.5. Is the weakest of all forces

3.6. It has the greatest effect in large scales

3.7. Examples

3.7.1. This is what causes the planets to move around the sun and what makes objects fall into the ground

4. Electromagnetic force

4.1. Attracts and repulse any particle with electric charge

4.2. Its force carrier is photon

4.2.1. They don't have mass, charge, color, nor strangeness, but they have a spin of 1

4.3. There are two types of electromagnetic forces

4.3.1. Magnetic forces: Between charges in motion

4.4. Has a strength proportional to the product of the electric charges of the particles, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the particles' centers of mass

4.5. It doesn't has a restriction in distance

4.6. Is the second strongest force

4.7. Examples

4.7.1. How magnetic field protects us from radiation

4.7.2. Electrostatic repulsion prevents the sun from fusing all the hydrogen

5. Strong force

5.1. Force that holds the nucleus together

5.1.1. Keeps together protons and neutrons

5.1.2. There is many empty space between the electrons and the nucleus

5.2. It has a short range

5.2.1. Acts in small distances

5.3. Is the strongest of the forces

5.4. The force carriers are called gluons

5.4.1. Carry the color charge (red, green, blue)

5.4.2. Analogous to electromagnetic charge

5.5. As the force between quarks is very weak, they start acting as independent

5.6. Examples

5.6.1. Holds the neutrons and protons together forming the nucleus