1. Morphology
1.1. Egg
1.1.1. 25-55 µm flattened from one side (D-shaped) thin shelled tranparent embryonated
1.2. Adult Male
1.2.1. 2-5 mm x 0.4 mm ventrally curved and rounded body it has one spicul
1.3. Adult Female
1.3.1. 10-13 mm x 0.4mm rounded body with finely pointed tail with deep, well defined striations. vulval opening at the middle of the body. it has long vagina and uterus loaded with eggs
2. TRANSMISSION
2.1. Oxyuriasis is transmitted through oral route ( hand to mouth), insect ( house fly), contaminated food and beverages, and through autoinfection. Familial spread is very common.
3. HABITAT
3.1. Caecum and the adjacent portions of the large intestine
4. LIFE CYCLE
4.1. Infection with E. vermicularis takes place by three ways
4.1.1. Embryonated eggs in the external environment transmitted to a new host by contaminated food, beverages and insect By the same host through fingers to mouth infection (External autoinfection)
4.2. Infective stage: fully embyronated egg
4.3. Diagnostic stage: eggs or sometimes the adult worms in the stool
5. DISEASE
5.1. Oxyuriasis (enterobiasis)
6. CLINICAL PICTURE
6.1. Generally, oxyuriasis is a symptomatic infection however, the following symptoms are diagnostic:
6.1.1. pruritus ani
6.1.2. invasion of the vagina in female may lead to a local irritation
6.1.3. sleepless due to pruritus
6.1.4. nocturnal enuresis
7. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
7.1. Laboratory
7.1.1. Microscopic stool examination for demonstration of the characteristic eggs; Stool examination should be done on a morning stool sample before washing.
7.1.2. Recovery of eggs from the perianal region using Scotch-tape (adhesive tape). Anal swab.