Animal Evolution & Diversity (Vertebrae)

1. AMPHIBIANS

1.1. Exhibit a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial adaptations

1.2. Usually need water to reproduce

1.3. Typically undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larva to a terrestrial adult

1.4. were the first vertebrates to colonize land

1.5. Descended from fishes that had lungs and fins with muscles

2. BIRDS

2.1. birds evolved from a lineage of small, 2 legs dinosours

2.2. -honeycombed bones, one instead of two ovaries, a beak instead of teeth

2.3. endotherms

3. MAMMAMLS

3.1. monotremes

3.2. marsupials

3.3. eutherians

3.4. humans are primates, includes:-

3.4.1. apes

3.4.2. monkeys

3.4.3. pottos

3.4.4. evoloved from insect-eating mammals

3.4.5. characteristics

3.4.5.1. limber shoulder joints

3.4.5.2. eyes infront of the eyes

3.4.5.3. excellent eye-hand coordination

3.4.5.4. extensive parental care

4. FISHES

4.1. evolved about 542 mya

4.2. 2 major groups

4.2.1. Cartilaginous fishes

4.2.2. Bony fishes

4.3. Cartilaginous and bony fishes have a lateral line system that detects minor vibrations in the water

4.4. To provide lift off the bottom:

4.4.1. cartilaginous fish must swim but

4.4.2. bony fish have swim bladders, gas filled sacs that make them buoyant

4.5. Fish Diversity Lampreys

4.5.1. are vertebrates

4.5.2. have a cranium

4.5.3. but lack jaws

5. REPTILES

5.1. Nonbird reptiles are ectotherms, sometimes referred to as "cold-b;oaded,"

5.2. A nonbird reptile can survive on less than 10% of the calories required by a bird or mammal of equivalent size

5.3. reptiles diversified extensively during the Mesozoic era

5.4. Dinosour were the largest animals ever to live in land