1. Translator's competences
1.1. Exclusive competences.
1.2. Results orientation
1.2.1. Reach objectives, work properly, modification in processes.
1.3. Orientation to quality, accuracy and order.
1.3.1. Excellence and quality in actions, definition of functions and objectives, accuracy of information, control of project progress, monitoring of information.
1.4. Attention to detail;
1.4.1. Quality in production, concentration, organization and quality in tasks
1.5. Tolerance to routine
1.5.1. Productivity, concentration, conservative attitude.
1.6. Search of information
1.6.1. Reliable, direct information, problems of people, origin of the problem.
1.7. Communicative
1.7.1. Ideas, thoughts, feelings, understanding, verbal communication, questions, transmit.
1.8. Autonomy
1.8.1. Independent work, without assistance, security and trust.
1.9. Planification and organization.
1.9.1. Priorities, action plans, manage tools, time management.
1.10. Non-exclusive competences.
1.11. Flexibility
1.11.1. adaptation to different environments, change opinion, act required mind.
1.12. Learning capacity
1.12.1. ability to acquire knowledge, capture information, investigative spirit.
2. Types of translation (field)
2.1. Technical translation
2.1.1. Documents for a specific and limited audience
2.1.1.1. (user manual, internal notes, medical translation, financial methods)
2.2. Scientific translation
2.2.1. Deals with documents in the science
2.2.1.1. (articles, theses, study reports).
2.3. Financial translation
2.3.1. Financial banking, stock exchange, company annual report.
2.4. Legal translation
2.4.1. warrants, administratives text, corporate statement, text for jurifical statement.
2.5. Judicial translation
2.5.1. Task of translation undertake in a court.
2.5.1.1. Regulatory,manual or proceeding judgment.
2.6. Juridical Translation
2.6.1. Legally- binding documentation
2.6.1.1. Laws, regulations and decides, general sales and purchase condition
2.7. Calified translation
2.7.1. Used their signature to authenticate official translation
2.7.1.1. Civil status, divorce statement, documentation, mental agreement, etc.
2.8. Literary translation
2.8.1. Render the semantic content of the original text and then deal with
2.8.1.1. Polysemic words, the author own particular literary style, rhythm, meter and the innate balance of the phrase
3. TEXT (text genres)
3.1. A Piece of written or printed material, typically forming a connected piece of work.
3.2. Field: Ideational component covering linguistic content
3.3. Tenor : interpersonal component function in relation to sender/receiver roles.
3.4. Mode: Textual component involving medium channel.
4. TRANSLATION METHODS
4.1. Word for word
4.1.1. Translate one word at a time, with or without changing the original meaning of the text
4.2. Semantic translation
4.2.1. Intention is the same as the author, translation might be larger, be able to write in an extensive vocabulary
4.3. Literal translation
4.3.1. Is the representation of text from one language to another 'one word at a time'
4.4. Faithful translation
4.5. Free translation
4.5.1. Preserves the meaning of the original text, but use natural forms of the target language (paraphrase)
4.6. Adaptation method
4.6.1. Translator substitute cultural realities and scenarios for which there is not reference in the TL (free)
4.7. Idiomatic translation
4.7.1. It use more natural components of the language and also more literary as idioms, proverbs, etc which make text more literary
5. Translation techniques
5.1. Techinal procedures of literal translation
5.1.1. Borrowing
5.1.1.1. It is used mainly by necessity, due to the fact that a certain word does not exist in the target language.
5.1.2. Calque
5.1.2.1. A word or phrase taken from another language by a literal translation, word by word
5.1.3. Literal translation
5.1.3.1. It can be used in some languages and not in others depending on the structure of the sentence
5.2. Technical procedures of oblique translation
5.2.1. Transposition
5.2.1.1. This is the process in which the speech parts change their sequence when they are translated
5.2.2. Modulation
5.2.2.1. A change in the point of view of the message without altering the meaning and without generating a sensation of discomfort for the reader
5.2.3. Equivalence
5.2.3.1. Express something in a completely different way
5.2.4. Adaptation
5.2.4.1. A linguistic culture is expressed in a totally different way for another linguistic culture. It is a change in the cultural environment.
5.3. Other technical procedures
5.3.1. Pragmatic formal aspect of specialized communication
5.3.2. Commercial letter:
5.3.2.1. confirmation letter request of information
5.3.2.2. Claim letter or payment request
5.3.3. Report and memorandum
6. TEXT TYPOLOGY
6.1. Narrative
6.1.1. tell you a story or problem
6.2. Descriptive
6.2.1. Show through observation how a thing is done.
6.3. Argumentative
6.3.1. The process or supporting or weakening another statement.
6.4. Instructional
6.4.1. Text about how to do things
6.5. Expository text
6.5.1. Inform or describe
7. Documents
7.1. Material that support that contains information and transmit knowledge
7.2. Textual
7.2.1. Written language
7.3. Sonorous
7.3.1. Medium oral, language or sounds
7.4. Audiovisuals
7.4.1. Based in images and sound (mp4)
7.5. Photographic
7.5.1. Photographs digital
7.6. Digitals
7.6.1. Stored digitally (pdf,word)
8. History of Spanish
8.1. It has 400 million speakers
8.2. There is no exact date of origin
8.3. It arises thanks to the separation of populations
8.4. It has Indo-European origin (Iberian Peninsula)
8.5. Century III And the I a.C. Roman Empire conquered the peninsula
8.5.1. Latin
8.5.1.1. Romance languages, Italian, French, Romanian, Portuguese, Catalan and Spanish
8.6. Mix with the tongues - vulgar Latin
8.6.1. Region of Castilla
8.6.1.1. Spanish
8.7. Arabs conquered
8.7.1. creation of Mozarabic languages- 400 words
8.8. XIII Century Alfonso X
8.8.1. Castilian medieval-
8.8.1.1. importance dialect of Toledo
8.9. 1942
8.9.1. Isabel I and Fernando II
8.9.1.1. They expel Arabs
8.9.1.2. Spanish official language
8.9.1.2.1. Spanish is mixed with substrate languages of each region
8.10. Golden Age
8.10.1. Spanish aurico
8.10.1.1. unified to existing languages
8.11. 1492
8.11.1. Colon confronted a thousand languages
8.11.1.1. Aztec
8.12. 1516
8.12.1. Suggestions arise
8.12.1.1. Teach to read and write
8.12.1.1.1. Spanish Monarchy
9. History of English
9.1. England before English (55 B.V-600 A.D)
9.1.1. It has more than 300 million speakers and 1500 million official users
9.1.1.1. Celtas 2,000 years
9.1.1.1.1. British Isles
9.1.1.2. 55 a.C
9.1.1.2.1. Julio Cesar (emperor)
9.1.1.3. 40 a.C.
9.1.1.3.1. Romans withdrew from Britain
9.1.1.4. 5th and 6th century
9.1.1.4.1. British expelled
9.1.1.4.2. German speaking tribes
9.2. Old English (600.1100)
9.2.1. 5th century BC
9.2.1.1. Germanic tribes invaded Great Britain
9.2.2. (1100 a.C.)
9.2.2.1. English Anglo-Saxon
9.3. Middle English (1100-1500)
9.3.1. October 1066
9.3.1.1. Battle of Hastings
9.3.1.1.1. William defeated the English commanded by King Harold II
9.3.2. the conquest brought changes
9.3.2.1. impact English language
9.3.2.1.1. English lost status
9.3.3. 1204
9.3.3.1. French decrease as official language in England
9.3.4. Centuries XIII and XIV
9.3.4.1. English as a medium of instruction
9.3.5. XIV
9.3.5.1. Black Death 1345-3151
9.3.5.1.1. people died (decrease in hand and work and increase in English
9.3.5.2. War of the Hundred Years (1337-1453)
9.3.5.2.1. loss of continental exploitations (not important to learn French
9.3.6. 1476
9.3.6.1. William Caxton
9.3.6.1.1. standardization of English
9.3.7. 1492
9.3.7.1. discovery of america
9.3.7.1.1. global expansion of the English language
9.3.8. 1500
9.3.8.1. English as a regional European language, global communication system
9.3.9. 14th century
9.3.9.1. English middle Germanic
9.3.9.1.1. Roman vocabulary
9.4. The Early Modern English (1500-1700)
9.4.1. 1509
9.4.1.1. Ascent of Henry VIII to the throne
9.4.1.2. At the end of the middle English, syntactic and morphological patterns had been established
9.4.1.3. Modern English analytical
9.4.1.3.1. Order words subject-verb-object
9.4.2. 1450-1650
9.4.2.1. belt of the seven vowels- two in diphthongs
9.4.3. Renaissance
9.4.3.1. Latin and Greek were introduced long words in the language
9.5. Present Day English (1700-Today)
9.5.1. 1700
9.5.1.1. the English language differs from the current English
9.5.1.1.1. no regional language, used now
9.5.2. XVI
9.5.2.1. first significant step of the English process
9.5.2.1.1. global language
9.5.3. 1603
9.5.3.1. literature grew
9.5.3.1.1. Spencer, Marlowe and Shakespeare
9.5.4. Today
9.5.4.1. Diffusion of English (three concentric circles)
9.5.4.1.1. internal circle
9.5.4.1.2. outer circle
9.5.4.1.3. Circle expansion
10. Translation skills
10.1. Listen
10.1.1. Understand context
10.2. Writing
10.2.1. Grammatical syntax
10.3. Cultural intelligence
10.3.1. Different origins
10.4. Knowledge
10.4.1. Specialization.
10.5. Observation
10.5.1. Pay attention
10.6. Time management
10.6.1. working hours
11. Intralingual translation
11.1. Identical language
11.2. Different culture
11.3. Paraphrase
11.4. New purpose
12. Interlingual translation
12.1. One language to another.
12.2. Linguistic equivalence
12.2.1. Word-Word
12.3. Paradigmatic equivalence
12.3.1. similarity-com.grama.
12.4. Stylistic equivalence
12.4.1. Similarity-meaning-express
12.5. Textual equivalence
12.5.1. Similarity-structure-form
13. Intersemiotic translation
13.1. interpretation of verbal-non-verbal signs
13.2. example
14. Proceso de traducción
14.1. Analyze text of source language
14.1.1. Grammar-meaning
14.2. Transfer
14.2.1. Analize SL-TL
14.3. Restructured
14.3.1. Acceptable TL
15. Translation equivalence
15.1. Transmit same meanings
15.1.1. Relation between TL-SL
15.2. Different levels
15.2.1. Lexical patterning
15.2.1.1. Idioms
15.2.2. Grammatical category
15.2.2.1. Adding or omitting
15.2.3. Pragmatic equivalence
15.2.3.1. implications and strategies
16. Grammatical equivalence
16.1. Number
16.2. Gender
16.3. Person
16.4. Voice
16.5. Tense and aspect
17. Translation procedure
17.1. Smallest linguistic changes
17.1.1. Additional information
17.1.2. Deleting information
17.1.3. Structural adjustment
17.1.4. Change of grammatical structure
17.1.5. L. translation
17.1.6. Not in accordance with natural use
17.1.7. Replace lexical gap
17.1.7.1. grammar structure
18. Assessment in translation studies
18.1. Accuracy
18.2. Almost accuracy
18.3. Inaccuracy
19. Diachronic linguistic
19.1. Across time
19.2. Study of the language
19.2.1. Evolution
19.3. Linguistic changes
19.4. Origin- today
20. Synchronic linguistic
20.1. With time
20.2. Geographic study of language
20.3. Opposite to the diachronic
21. Language contact
21.1. Interaction with another
21.2. Linguistic transfers
21.3. Types of situation
21.3.1. Dialect contact
21.3.1.1. Languages
21.3.2. Exogamus contact
21.3.2.1. Members come from different parts
21.3.3. Fieldworkers
21.3.3.1. Language shift
22. Translation competence
22.1. C. in two languages
22.1.1. Comprehension- production
22.2. C. transfer
22.2.1. Tex. Ori- Ela. Fi
22.3. C. instrumental and professional
22.4. C. extralinguistic
22.4.1. Organization, world and areas
22.5. psychophysiological
22.5.1. Promoter resources application
22.5.1.1. cognitive
22.5.1.2. attitudinal
22.6. C. strategic
22.6.1. Individual procedure
23. Translation competence acquisition
23.1. process requires:
23.1.1. prior knowledge
23.1.1.1. Expert
23.1.2. Dynamic
23.1.3. Learning competence
24. Translation
24.1. communication activity
24.2. translation of elements
24.3. Language of departure - Language of arrival
25. Translator
25.1. Knowledge of more than one language
25.2. necessary skills other language
26. Translator elements
26.1. Theoretical and practical
26.2. Extralinguistic knowledge
26.3. Labor market knowledge
26.4. strategies
26.5. Computer tools
26.6. Skill, problem-solution
27. Competences
27.1. Characteristic of a person.
27.2. successful relationship of an activity
27.3. Relationship with the context
27.3.1. Cognitive
27.3.1.1. Knowledge-skill
27.3.2. Affective
27.3.2.1. Personality-emotions
27.3.3. Psychometric
27.3.3.1. Skill
27.3.4. physiological
27.3.4.1. Physical integrity
28. Translation competence
28.1. communication talk-analysis speech
28.1.1. Grammatical
28.1.1.1. Vocabulary; New words.
28.1.2. Sociolinguistic
28.1.2.1. Produce, understand; Language.
28.1.3. Discursive
28.1.3.1. Grammatical domain; Language.
28.1.4. Strategic.
28.1.4.1. Understand faults; Communication
28.2. Elements
28.3. C. Bilingual
28.3.1. Textual, grammatical and lexical.
28.4. C. Extralinguistic
28.4.1. Encyclopedic and thematic
28.5. C. Transfer
28.5.1. Translator process, decode, encode
28.6. C. Professional
28.6.1. Knowledge, skills.
28.6.1.1. Professional translation
28.7. C. Strategic
28.7.1. plan the process and execute
28.8. C. Psychophysiological
28.8.1. Skills
28.8.1.1. cognitive, attitudinal