ELL's

1. Language risk taking

2. Discourse patterns of different cultures

2.1. Don't misinterpret

3. Help students to participate in group activities

3.1. Roles that depend less on language use

4. Encourage English speaking while honoring first language and culture

5. Utilize student's background knowledge/personal interests

6. Encourage parents to develop and maintain primary language at home

7. Gestures, body language, speak slowly, enunciate clearly

8. Ask questions that require different degrees of English proficiency

8.1. Focus on the content rather than the form of the response

9. Objects, videos, pictures