1. Disgnostic plan
1.1. Blood collection
1.1.1. CBC
1.1.1.1. Anemia
1.1.1.2. Lymphocytosis
1.1.2. Blood chemistry
1.1.3. Blood gas
1.2. Feces examination
1.2.1. Characteristic
1.2.2. Endoparasite
1.2.3. Toxin
1.2.3.1. Clostridium perfringens
1.2.3.1.1. Penicillin G
1.3. Endoscopic examination
2. Anatomy
2.1. Mouth
2.2. Esophagus
2.3. Stomach
2.4. Small intestine
2.5. Cecum
2.6. Colon
2.7. Rectum
3. Prevention
3.1. Control grass quality
3.2. Chopped grass
3.3. Avoid soil contacting to the grass
3.4. Increase water intake
3.4.1. Frequency
3.4.2. High water content fruits
3.4.3. Salt
3.5. More exercise
4. Physiology
4.1. Normal feed intake = 1-4.4%BW
4.2. GI transit time 21-55hr
4.3. Gastric emptying time
5. Inappetite
6. Dyschezia (constipation)
6.1. NSS
6.2. Neostigmine
6.2.1. Endoscopic
6.2.1.1. Gastric ulcer
6.2.1.1.1. Glaviscon
6.2.1.1.2. Omeprazole
6.2.1.2. Gastric bleeding
6.2.1.2.1. VitK
6.2.1.2.2. Transamine
6.2.1.2.3. Blood transfusion
7. Pain
7.1. Tramadol
7.2. Flunixin meglumine
8. Melena
9. GI impaction
10. GI stasis
11. Abdominal enlargement
12. Risk factors
12.1. Host
12.1.1. Greeting elephant
12.1.1.1. Fed by tourist
12.1.1.1.1. Grass
12.1.1.1.2. Banana
12.1.1.1.3. Sugarcane
12.1.1.2. Less walk (500-700m)
12.1.2. Individual personality
12.1.2.1. Piggish (Sloppy)
12.1.2.2. Eat fast
12.1.3. Management
12.1.3.1. No water provided at night
12.1.3.2. Drink less water
12.1.3.3. Give big portion of grass at a time
12.1.3.4. Soil contact (feed on the ground)
12.2. Agent
12.2.1. Clostridium perfringens
12.3. Envi.
12.3.1. Raining