1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
2. Technology & Informatics
2.1. Computer Physician Order Entry
2.2. Medication Administration Systems
2.3. Electronic Health Records (EHR)
3. Patient Centered Care
3.1. *Communication
3.2. *Teamwork
3.3. *Cultural Sensitivity
3.4. Treating the patient the way you would want to be treated
4. Quality Management Programs
4.1. Total Quality Management (TQM)
4.1.1. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA)
4.1.1.1. PLAN: Since there was a decrease in teamwork/collaboration in the nursing profession, we observed that we needed to incorporate these skills from first semester of nursing school.
4.1.1.2. DO: Randomized Accountability Groups were created for skills sign offs, allowing SN to learn how to receive and provide feedback to their peers. Also promoted teamwork and collaboration since it's beneficial group work.
4.1.1.3. STUDY: Look at results. Are SN passing skills at a higher rate than previous semesters?
4.1.1.4. ACT: What do we need to improve on? Incorporate feedback.
4.2. Root Cause Analysis
4.2.1. Every error with adverse effects is reported and analyzed to identify flaws
4.3. New Policies & Procedures Adapted
5. Effective care: everyone is using the services properly (i.e. not overusing or underusing)
6. Institute of Medicine (IOM)
6.1. Per the IOM Quality is: the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge
7. Patient Care Outcomes
7.1. Poor outcomes ---> Optimal outcomes
7.1.1. What does it take to deliver the best quality of health care?
7.1.1.1. Patient Safety #1 priority
7.1.1.1.1. Error free health care provided
7.1.1.2. Evidence-based interventions/treatments
7.1.1.3. Efficient with resources when delivering care
7.1.1.3.1. Time, cost, supplies, minimize waste
7.1.1.4. Timeliness- don't delay patient care
7.1.1.5. Equitable care- everyone gets the same treatment regardless of gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status
8. Regulatory Agencies
8.1. Medicare/Medicaid if standards aren't met with a patient's health care, then they don't pay $$
8.2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
8.3. The Joint Commission (TJC)
8.4. National Center for Nursing Quality (NCNQ)
8.4.1. National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)
8.4.1.1. National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs)
8.4.1.1.1. Specific patient safety goals are set and there are outcomes that must be met
8.4.1.2. Evaluates Nursing Care in units (i.e. measures patient's falls, pressure ulcers prevalence, nursing turnover rate