Sea Otter

1. - Crabs

1.1. + Invertebrates

1.1.1. - Algae on seagrass

1.1.1.1. + Seagrass

1.1.1.1.1. + Photosynthesis (CO2 sequestration)

1.1.1.1.2. + Sediments and natural debris in roots

1.1.1.1.3. + Wave attenuation

1.1.1.1.4. + habitat

1.1.1.1.5. + Human use products

2. - Starfish

2.1. + Mussels & Barnacles

2.1.1. - Biodiversity

3. - Sea Urchins

3.1. + Kelp

3.1.1. + Wave attenuation

3.1.1.1. + Natural Coastal Protection

3.1.1.2. + Benthic Productivity

3.1.2. - Ocean sunlight (canopies)

3.1.2.1. + Low-light species

3.1.3. + Habitat and Nursery ground

3.1.3.1. + Fish

3.1.3.1.1. + Commercial fishing

3.1.3.1.2. + Predatory fish

3.1.4. + Storm Shelter

3.1.5. + Biomass detritus (food)

3.1.5.1. + Debris sinks

3.1.5.1.1. + Food for detritivores & microbes

3.1.5.2. + Herbivores food

3.1.6. Algin (emulsifying & bonding agent)

3.1.6.1. Food, Personal care & medicine products