Past Perfect

1. Past Perfect Simple

2. When we came to the cinema, the film HAD already STARTED

3. something happened before another event in the past

4. finished

5. 9.40: I heard the news about a hurricane on TV. 9.45: My friend called. When my friend called, I HAD already HEARD the news.

6. Past Perfect Continuous

7. We HAD BEEN PREPARING for the test before the teacher came

8. something happened before another event in the past

9. not finished / stopped just before another event

10. ever / never / just / already