NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

1. May be due to

1.1. Certain medicines

1.2. Infection diseases

1.3. Gender

1.4. Autoimmune disease

2. Caused by

2.1. Primary cause

2.1.1. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

2.2. Secondary cause

2.2.1. Diabetes

3. Presented with

3.1. Too much protein in the urine (proteinuria)

3.2. Foamy or bubbly urine

3.3. Low levels of protein in blood (hypoalbuminia)

3.4. High levels of fat and cholesterol in blood

3.5. Swelling in the legs, feet, ankles, or hands (edema)

3.6. Feeling very tired

3.7. Loss of appetite

3.8. Weight gain

4. Treated by

4.1. Dialysis or Kidney transplant

4.2. Diuretics for swelling

4.3. Certain medications to control blood pressure

4.4. Limit salt intake

4.5. Choosing fish or low fat meats

5. Diagnosed by

5.1. Kidney biopsy

5.2. Urine sample (Dipstick test)

5.3. Blood test

6. May lead to

6.1. High blood pressure

6.2. Acute kidney injury

6.3. Fluid buildup

6.4. Heart attack

6.5. Anemia

6.6. Thrombosis

6.7. Kidney failure/ESRD

6.8. Infection

7. What nurse should do

7.1. Monitor lab result

7.2. Monitor Intake and output

7.3. Observe signs of infection

7.4. Assess peripheral edema

7.5. Promote bed rest

7.6. Encourage low salt and low protein diet

7.7. Monitor vital signs

7.8. Weigh and abdominal measurement