1. Theories of motivation
1.1. Need achievement theory
1.1.1. Atkinson, 1974; McClelland, 1961, is a theory that considers personal and situational factors. Five components make up the theory; personality factors, situational factors, resultant tenancies, emotional reactions and achievement related behaviour.
1.2. Attribution theory
1.2.1. This includes - stability; stable vs unstable, locus of causality; internal vs external, locus of control; in the athletes control vs outside the athletes. focuses on how people perceive success and failure.
1.3. Achievement goal theory
1.3.1. Nicholls (1984) task mastery vs. ego task means the athlete is always wanting to improve their skills whereas ego, the athlete always wants to win
1.4. Competence motivation theory
1.4.1. Says that people are motivated to feel competent or feel more worthy. also considers athletes methods of control.
1.5. Being a motivated
1.5.1. The lowest form of motivation, whereby not performing well, they lack control and are incompetent.
2. The key elements in the definition of motivation
2.1. Intensity
2.2. Direction
2.3. Persistence
3. Extrinsic motivation
3.1. Motivation that comes from external sources eg getting a reward for performing well.
4. Intrinsic motivation
4.1. Motivation that comes from within, linked with self determination theory, is the best form of motivation as its self dependant.
5. there are three approaches to motivation
5.1. Trait centred view - says that motivational behaviour is primarily a function of individual characteristics
5.2. Situational centred view - in direct comparison to trait centred view, situational suggests that motivation level is determined by the situation
5.3. Interactional view
5.3.1. Combines the two theories previously stated and says that motivation can neither be solely from participant factors or situational factors, the best way to understand motivation would be to study both theories ideas interact. This theory is the most endorsed by psychologists today.