Get Started. It's Free
or sign up with your email address
Fungi by Mind Map: Fungi

1. Sporulation Structures

1.1. Conidia

1.1.1. Conidiophores

1.2. Sporangiospores

1.2.1. Sporangium

1.2.2. Sac-like

2. Mold

2.1. Grow @ 25C

2.2. Multicellular organism

2.3. Filamentous form

2.3.1. Fuzzy growth

2.3.2. Velvety growth

2.4. Reproduce

2.4.1. Spores

2.4.2. Conidia

2.5. Colorful cells

3. Eukaryotic organism

3.1. Membrane bound organelles

4. Transmission

4.1. Inhale spores

4.2. Environmental exposure

4.3. Tissue trauma (puncture)

4.4. Person to person

4.4.1. Extremely rare

5. Fungal Identification

5.1. Clinical information

5.1.1. Site location

5.1.2. Appearance of lesion

5.1.3. Geographic location

5.1.4. Travel history

5.2. Culture characteristics

5.2.1. Surface texture

5.2.2. Pigmentation

5.3. Microscopic evaluation

5.3.1. Elements

5.3.1.1. Conidia

5.3.1.1.1. Size

5.3.1.1.2. Free flowing spores or seeds of mold

5.3.1.2. Hyphae

5.3.1.2.1. Individual filaments of a mold

5.3.1.2.2. Mycelium/Mycelia

5.3.1.2.3. Growth on substrate

5.3.1.2.4. Type

6. Hydroxystilbamidine

7. General

7.1. Characterisitcs

7.1.1. Skin test

7.1.1.1. Indicate exposure not active disease

7.1.2. No person to person transmission

7.1.3. Dimorphic fungi

7.2. Transmission

7.2.1. Inhalation of spores

7.2.2. Entry wounds

7.3. Treatment

7.3.1. Amphotericin B

7.3.2. Flucytosine

7.4. Found in soil

7.4.1. Pigeon dropping

8. Pathogenic capabilities

9. Yeast

9.1. Single cell organism

9.2. Cell Shape

9.2.1. Oval

9.2.2. Spherical

9.3. Simple budding

9.3.1. Allows for fermentation

9.3.1.1. Alcohol

9.3.1.2. Gases

9.3.1.3. Acids

9.4. Colonies

9.4.1. Moist

9.4.2. Mucoid

9.4.3. Dull & Shiny

9.5. Grow @ 37C

10. Dimorphism

10.1. Exist as a yeast and mold

11. Mycosis

11.1. Fungal Infection

11.2. Abnormality

12. Saprophytic

12.1. Environmental decomposers

12.1.1. Feed on dead organic matter

13. Clinical grouping

13.1. Cutaneous mycoses

13.1.1. Skin, hair, nails

13.1.2. Keratin/protein

13.1.3. Species

13.1.3.1. Epidermaphyton

13.1.3.1.1. No microconidia

13.1.3.1.2. Cluster of macroconidia

13.1.3.2. Microsporan

13.1.3.3. Trichophyton

13.1.3.4. Cause

13.1.3.4.1. Tinea (ringworms)

13.2. Idphor

13.3. Subcutaneous mycoses

13.3.1. Usually enter by trauma

13.3.2. Can be serious if not treated

13.3.3. Species

13.3.3.1. Sporothrix schenchkii

13.3.3.1.1. Disease

13.3.3.2. Bacteria like

13.3.3.2.1. Actinomyces

13.3.3.2.2. Nocardia

13.3.3.2.3. Disease

13.4. Many start with respiratory complication

13.5. Blastomycosis dermatidis

13.5.1. Blastomycosis

13.5.1.1. Found central and southeastern US

13.5.1.2. Diagnostic

13.5.1.2.1. X-ray

13.5.1.2.2. Acid fast

13.5.1.3. Inhalation of spores

13.5.1.3.1. Skin penetration

13.5.1.3.2. Air

13.5.1.4. Self-limiting

13.5.1.5. Dimorphic fungi

13.5.1.6. Morphology

13.5.1.7. Mimic TB

13.5.1.7.1. Wide base budding yeast cells

13.6. Systemic mycoses

13.6.1. Usually affect only 1% of healthy bodies

13.6.2. Affects multiple systems

13.6.3. Tissues, muscle, and bone

13.6.4. Most serious in respiratory & nervous system

13.6.5. Species

13.6.5.1. Coccidioides immitis

13.6.5.1.1. Coccidioidomycosis

13.6.5.2. Histoplasm capsulatum

13.6.5.2.1. Self-limiting

13.6.5.2.2. Histoplasmosis

13.6.5.3. Cryptococcus neoformans

13.6.5.3.1. Cryptococcosis

13.7. Classified by level of involvement in bodies

13.8. Oppotunistic mycoses

13.8.1. Does not ordinarily cause disease but if immunocompromised, disease can rise

13.8.1.1. Usually seen when patients are on antibotics

13.8.2. Aseptic hyphae

13.8.3. Species

13.8.3.1. Rapid growers

13.8.3.1.1. Rhizopus

13.8.3.1.2. Mucor

13.8.3.1.3. Absidia species

13.8.3.1.4. Causes

13.8.3.2. Candida

13.8.3.2.1. Candidiasis

13.8.3.3. Aspergillus

13.8.3.3.1. Aspergillosis

14. Cultures

14.1. Skin scrapings

14.2. Specimens

14.2.1. Hair

14.2.2. Nails

14.2.3. Sputum

14.2.4. Cerebrospinal fluid

14.2.5. Drainage from lesions

14.3. Diagnostic Tools

14.3.1. Sabouraud's agar

14.3.1.1. Selective for fungal agents

14.3.1.2. High sugar and low pH (acidic environment)

14.3.1.3. Antibiotics- inhibit bacterial growth

14.3.2. Fungal smear

14.3.2.1. KOH Prep

14.3.2.1.1. 10% Potassium hydroxide

14.3.2.2. Lactophenol cotton blue

14.3.2.2.1. Tape & dye, microscopic ID