1. Cualitative
1.1. Qualitative research is based on a constructivist or naturalist approach and began as a countermovement to the positivist paradigm (Creswell, 1994)
1.1.1. Designs
1.1.1.1. Ethnographies
1.1.1.2. Grounded theory
1.1.1.3. Case studie
1.1.1.4. Phenomenological studies
2. Dominant research methodologies used in the human and social science
3. Combining the Two Methods
3.1. the mixing of quantitative and qualitative methodologies is a possibility in any given study. Sechrest and Sidani (1995) and others provide a list of similarities between quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Both quantitative and qualitative processes:
3.1.1. • Involve the use of observation to address research questions. Both methodologies "describe their data, construct explanatory arguments
3.1.2. From their data, and speculate about why the outcomes they observed happened as they did" (Sechrest & Sidani, 1995, p. 78)
3.1.3. Use techniques that are relatively analogous at some level of specificity, such as triangulation.
3.1.4. Try to discover meaning from the interpretation of data.
3.1.5. Use analytical techniques in an attempt to explain complex relationships in the social science world (Dzurec & Abraham, 1993; Sechrest & Sidani, 1995).
3.1.6. Utilize techniques to verify their data.
3.1.7. Use data reduction as an important part of the data analysis process.
3.1.8. Promote the role of theory by testing theory (quantitative methods) or initiating and building theory (qualitative methods).
3.1.9. Can use the same collection of data to get results (Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2005, p. 380).
4. Cuantitative
4.1. Based on the empiricist tradition established by such authorities as Comte, Mill, Durkheim, Newton and Locke (Smith, 1983; Creswell, 1994). To a positivist researcher, reality is objective and independent of the researcher. Quantitative studies are considered accurate, valid and reliable (Guba and Lincoln, 1989).
4.1.1. methodologies
4.1.1.1. experiment
4.1.1.2. survey
4.1.2. independent variables:
4.1.2.1. Biological events
4.1.2.2. Social environments
4.1.2.3. Hereditary factors