1. TRENDS IN IOT
1.1. Businesses Will Get Serious About IoT
1.1.1. IoT clearly offers huge benefits to businesses. In manufacturing, businesses will increasingly see the value in connected machinery that is capable of reporting every detail of its operating parameters and efficiency to other smart, connected devices.
1.2. Devices Will Become More Vocal
1.2.1. The IoT will give everything we own a voice, too. We’re getting used to using our voices to control smart home devices
1.2.2. Voice control makes sense in many ways as it keeps our hands free to operate controls that still need manual input, and our eyes free to watch for hazards.
1.3. More Computing Moving to The Edge
1.3.1. IoT clearly offers huge benefits to businesses. In manufacturing, businesses will increasingly see the value in connected machinery that is capable of reporting every detail of its operating parameters and efficiency to other smart, connected devices.
2. PRACTICE & APPLICATION OF IOT
2.1. Transportation
2.1.1. The IoT can play the important role in integration of communications, control, and information processing across various transportation. Application of the IoT extends to all aspects of transportation systems (i.e. the vehicle and the driver or user). Smart traffic control, smart parking, electronic, logistic and fleet management, vehicle control, and safety and road assistance.
2.2. Environmental Monitoring
2.2.1. The Environmental monitoring applications of the IoT typically use sensors to assist in environmental protection by monitoring the atmospheric situations like monitoring the movements of wildlife and their habitats. The physical devices connected to the Internet which are used as warning systems can also be used by emergency services to provide more effective aid.
2.3. Infrastructure Management
2.4. Monitoring and control operations of rural infrastructures like bridges, railway track. It is a key application of the IoT. The IoT infrastructure can be used for monitoring any events or changes in structural conditions that can compromise safety and increase risk. It can also be used for scheduling repair and maintenance activities in an efficient manner, by coordinating tasks between different service providers and users of these facilities
2.5. Manufacturing
2.5.1. The IoT enables the quick manufacturing of new products and real –time optimization of manufacturing production and supply by using networking machinery, sensors and control systems together. IoT helps in digital control systems to automate process, to optimize the plant safety and security are interlinked with the IoT. Measurements, automated controls, plant optimization, health and safety management, and other functions are provided by large number of networked sensors.
2.6. Medical and Health Care
2.6.1. IoT devices can be used to enable remote health monitoring and emergency notification systems. Some hospitals have begun implementing smart beds that can detect when they are occupied and when the patient is attempting to get up.
2.7. Home Automation
2.7.1. Home automation is the residential extension of building automation. It involves the control and automation of lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and security, as well as home appliances such as washer/dryers, ovens or refrigerators/freezers. They use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring and are a part of the Internet of things.
2.8. Energy Management
2.8.1. Integration of sensing and actuation systems, connected to the internet, is likely to optimize energy consumption. It is expected that IoT devices will be integrated into all forms of energy consuming devices and be able to communicate with power generation.
2.9. Media, Entertainment
2.9.1. Application of IoT in media causes to transfer data through cloud from one place to another place, IoT provides good communication between people through transfer the media one to another.
2.10. Agriculture
2.10.1. By develop the agriculture machinery into smart devices causes control the water pumps and sprayers are controlled anywhere.
2.11. Security
2.11.1. In modern lives there is a fear about thieves, by using IoT in home security devices, the security device is operated by a particular person from anywhere through cloud.
2.12. Education
2.12.1. Create new ways for students to learn by supporting more personalized and dynamic learning experiences such as immersive digital textbooks and game-based learning.
2.12.2. Change how teachers deliver lessons and test achievement with smart audio-visual equipment, digital video recorders for lecture capture, and online testing.
2.12.3. Simplify operations for school administrators by proactively monitoring critical infrastructure and creating more efficient, costeffective processes for HVAC, lighting and landscape management.
3. INTRODUCTION
3.1. Internet of things (IOT) is a network of physical objects.
3.2. The internet is not only a network of computers, but it has evolved into a network of device of all type and sizes , vehicles, smart phones, home appliances, toys, cameras, medical instruments and industrial systems, animals, people, buildings, all connected, all communicating & sharing information based on stipulated protocols in order to achieve smart reorganizations, positioning, tracing, safe & control & even personal real time online monitoring , online upgrade, process control & administration.
3.3. Machine-to-machine (M2M) is the huge numbers of devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) have to communicate automatically, not via humans.
3.4. As the Internet of Things continues to develop, further potential is estimated by a combination with related technology approaches and concepts such as:
3.4.1. Cloud computing
3.4.2. Future Internet
3.4.3. Big Data
3.4.4. Robotics
3.4.5. Semantic technologies (to make the machine to understand the data)
4. CHARACTERISTICS
4.1. Interconnectivity
4.1.1. With regard to the IoT, anything can be interconnected with the global information and communication infrastructure.
4.2. Things-related Services
4.2.1. The IoT is capable of providing thing-related services within the constraints of things, such as privacy protection and semantic consistency between physical things and their associated virtual things. In order to provide thing-related services within the constraints of things, both the technologies in physical world and information world will change.
4.3. Heterogeneity
4.3.1. The devices in the IoT are heterogeneous (various) as based on different hardware platforms and networks. They can interact with other devices or service platforms through different networks.
4.4. Dynamic Changes
4.4.1. The state of devices change dynamically, ex: sleeping and waking up, connected and/or disconnected as well as the context of devices including location and speed. Moreover, the number of devices can change dynamically.
4.5. Enormous Scale
4.5.1. The number of devices that need to be managed and that communicate with each other will be at least an order of magnitude larger than the devices connected to the current Internet.
4.5.2. Even more critical will be the management of the data generated and their interpretation for application purposes. This relates to semantics of data as well as efficient data handling.
4.6. Safety/Security
4.6.1. As both the creators and recipients of the IoT, we must design for safety. This includes the safety of our personal data and the safety of our physical well-being. Securing the endpoints, the networks, and the data moving across all of it means creating a security paradigm that will scale.
4.6.2. IoT devices are naturally vulnerable (exposed) to security threats. There is a high level of transparency and privacy issues with IoT
4.7. Sensing
4.7.1. IoT wouldn’t be possible without sensors which will detect or measure any changes in the environment to generate data that can report on their status or even interact with the environment. Sensing technologies provide the means to create capabilities that reflect a true awareness of the physical world and the people in it. The sensing information is simply the analogue input from the physical world, but it can provide the rich understanding of our complex world
4.8. Intelligence
4.8.1. Combination of algorithms and computation, software & hardware that makes it smart. For example interaction between devices, while user and device interaction is achieved by standard input methods and graphical user interface.