1. 4: eyes see the sun and understand that it is the source of the good
1.1. FORMS
2. Book VI
2.1. rulers = stargazing captain analogy
2.2. current philosophers aren't brought up the right way
2.2.1. issues with the sophists
2.3. describes the nature of phiolosophers
2.3.1. true philosophers will be disliked
2.4. philosopher kings are necessary for a Just city
2.5. The Form of the Good, Analogy of the line
3. Book VII
3.1. Allegory of the cave
3.1.1. Five stages
3.1.1.1. 1: chained down to the wall, head fixed in one direction, hear: echoes, see: shadows
3.1.1.1.1. senses distort reality (cannot trust)
3.1.1.2. 2: 3D, unchained, not out of the cave yet, can see what was causing the shadows, sees persons, animals, hear sounds, feel heat, smell animals, etc.
3.1.1.2.1. senses, reality less distorted but still not real
3.1.1.3. 3: begin to exit cave. begin to move from visible to intelligible, eyes blinded by sun and adjust
3.1.1.4. 5?: return to the cave, risk being killed
3.2. Simile of the Divided line
3.2.1. World of the forms
3.2.1.1. knowledge (episteme)
3.2.1.1.1. INTELLIGENCE (highest) 1
3.2.1.1.2. Mathematical reasoning 2
3.2.2. World of Appearances
3.2.2.1. Opinion (doxa)
3.2.2.1.1. Belief 3
3.2.2.1.2. Illusion 4
4. Book VIII
4.1. Timocracy
4.1.1. timocratic man
4.1.1.1. How he comes into being
4.1.1.1.1. mother complains about father - he is not a ruler, he does not care about money or fight for family, she is at a disadvantage
4.1.1.1.2. the son realizes this is true about his father, and sees how his father has no honor, and this is all he wants - it is all he cares about
4.1.1.2. Characterisitcs
4.1.1.2.1. nature: spirited in control - craves honor above all
4.1.1.2.2. stubborn, lover of music and hearing, but not skilled in music or rhetoric
4.1.1.2.3. brutal to slaves, obedient to rulers, loves ruling and honor - obsessed with war, gymnastic, and the hunt
4.1.2. timocracy
4.1.2.1. will be very heavy militarised as its inhabitants and rulers are striving to achieve said honour.
4.2. Oligarchy
4.2.1. Oligarchic man
4.2.2. oligarchy
4.3. Democracy
4.3.1. democratic man
4.3.2. democracy
4.4. tyranny
5. Book IV
5.1. entertainment should be limited by the guardians
5.1.1. music, poetry, art of warfare needs to be balanced
5.1.2. innovation not allowed - leads to political revolutions/interest
5.2. individual justice as parallel to the city structure and the balance of the soul
5.2.1. horse chariot analogy
5.2.1.1. parts of the soul need to be aligned in order for them to work in harmony
5.2.2. tripartiate soul
5.2.2.1. rational part (controls the other parts)
5.2.2.1.1. associates with guardians
5.2.2.2. appetitive part
5.2.2.2.1. associates with craftsmen
5.2.2.3. spirited part
5.2.2.3.1. associates with auxiliaries
5.3. injustice: meddling among the classes
5.4. 4 virtues
5.4.1. moderation
5.4.1.1. in the city as a whole
5.4.1.1.1. order and mastery of pleasures and desires, not to do things too much, balancing
5.4.2. wisdom
5.4.2.1. in the guardians
5.4.2.1.1. wisdom is having knowledge
5.4.3. courage
5.4.3.1. in the auxillaries
5.4.3.1.1. courage is preservation
5.4.4. justice
5.4.4.1. in the city through classes, most important
5.4.4.1.1. having and doing of one’s own and what belongs to oneself would be agreed to be justice.
5.5. rulers should not have health, they will be happy if the city is happy as a whole
5.6. family, sharing of women and children
6. Book V
6.1. common property/begetting of children
6.1.1. eugenics
6.1.1.1. a form of selective breeding
6.1.1.1.1. classes will breed with classes, the best will breed with the best
6.1.1.1.2. breeding festivals between the classes
6.1.2. families
6.1.2.1. children and women held in common
6.1.2.1.1. humans are not the same as animals, we actually have to manage a househole
6.1.2.1.2. children raised seperately together based on their groups
6.1.2.1.3. no wives or love, women are subject to the festival for breeding purposes
6.1.2.2. there are no individual familes, the city as a whole is a family
6.1.2.2.1. this is ensured through the breeding process
6.1.3. Aristotle's rebuttals:
6.1.3.1. who will take care of the home?
6.1.3.2. When soil is held in common, some labors a lot and some do not. All receive the same = causes discontent (fairness issue)
6.1.3.3. Socrates assumes people are evil. Presupposition is wrong
6.1.3.3.1. rather than only looking at how to save people from evil, socrates should also take into consideration what is goo that they are losing in his republic
6.1.3.4. When property is private, people take pride and improves, which also can contribute to the whole (and people are not selfish - socrates himself said “friends hold all things in common”
6.1.3.5. always will be the same rule, creating a monarchy with names (gold in the soul)
6.1.3.6. Strangely, socrates does not commit full to Philosophy when he says that common property women must be regulated
6.1.3.6.1. the people shouldn't need to be managed, they should be able to manage through philosophy if education works as how socrates imagines, and education should be for all the classes
6.2. women should receive the same education
6.2.1. women fall along the same natural lines, but have different natures: women are still inferior
6.2.2. help perform the same tas
6.3. children are taken to war
6.3.1. once they are old enough, they are taken on horse back to learn the art of war, and are on horse to be able to escape
6.4. greeks and barbarians
6.4.1. you must no enslave greeks or fuck with their corpses
6.4.1.1. this way all greeks will be treated the same
6.5. the noble lie
6.5.1. meant to ensure social control for the greater good
6.5.1.1. metals in the soul - gold, silver, and bronze
6.6. love the city as a whole
6.6.1. city suffers as a whole
6.6.1.1. finger analogy
6.6.1.2. if one part suffers, the whole does, if one part is joyful, the whole is
6.7. opinion vs. knowledge
6.7.1. Opinion
6.7.1.1. what both is and is not
6.7.2. knowledge
6.7.2.1. lovers of knowledge = philosophers
6.7.2.2. what is completely
6.7.3. ignorance
6.7.3.1. what is in no way
6.8. the philosopher king
6.8.1. the only way the city works is if there is a philosopher king
6.8.2. guardians that go through the proper education, and by old age become philosophers, and are fit to rule