1. Stresses
1.1. Definition: Forces are applied to a body
1.2. Definition: An internal tension that happens to all bodies subjected to the applying of one or more forces on them.
1.3. Traction
1.3.1. Forces that stretch an object
1.3.1.1. e.g. necklace with a pendant
1.4. Bending
1.4.1. Forces that bend a body
1.4.1.1. e.g. shelves in a bookcase
1.5. Compression
1.5.1. Forces that compress a body
1.5.1.1. e.g. leg of a chair
1.6. Torsion
1.6.1. Forces that twist a body
1.6.1.1. e.g. a key opening a lock
1.7. Shear or cutting
1.7.1. forces that cut an object
1.7.1.1. e.g. hooks used to hang a picture
2. Types of artificial structures
2.1. suspended structures
2.1.1. hung with cables
2.1.2. cables can adabpt their shape to different loads at differnt times
2.2. pneumatic structures
2.2.1. bouncy castle
2.3. goedesic structures
2.4. rolled and palte structures
2.4.1. made from metal or plastic
2.4.2. very strong
2.4.3. cover holes example: (tombini)
3. Structural conditions
3.1. Stability
3.1.1. capacity of a structure to remain up right and not tip over
3.1.1.1. -adding mass to its base
3.1.1.2. -bracing it
3.1.1.3. -burying the bottom section underground
3.2. Resistance
3.2.1. capacity of a structure to bear tension
3.2.1.1. - material used to build
3.2.1.2. -quantity of material used
3.2.1.3. -shape of structure
3.3. Regidity
3.3.1. capacity of a structure to be not deformed when a force is applied
3.3.1.1. -welding joints
3.3.1.2. -triangulations
3.3.1.3. -the structure has the appropriate shape
4. Types of artificial structures
4.1. massive and lintelled structures
4.1.1. human made structures: pyramids (built by stacking rocks) , temples (lintels)
4.2. vaulted structures
4.2.1. arches and vaults are selfsupporting
4.2.1.1. vault: arches placed side by side
4.2.1.2. arch stone: makes up the form of an arch or a vault
4.2.1.3. arches
4.3. Triangulated structures
4.3.1. made from bars, they are used to create large spans
4.3.1.1. trusses
4.3.1.2. triangulated beams: mainly used for bridges