1. "A fundamental tenet of agro ecology is the idea that agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plants, animals, and human beings. - agroecosystems should mimic the biodiversity levels and functioning of natural ecosystems. (Mc Fadden S. 2019 deep agroecology : Farms food and future )
2. HISTORY - ANTHROPOCENE
2.1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1760
2.1.1. " 1809 - under effect of emmisons caused by the growing use of coal, - concentration of CO2 reaches holocene maximum (284) - reaches 290 by mid 19th century" -
2.1.1.1. Bonneul C. and Fressoz J.B 2017 the shock of the anthopocene pg.16
2.2. Colonialism, The Hidden Cause Of Our Environmental Crisis
2.3. "The industrial food system as we know it today is the child of the plantation system of agriculture."Towards a “Peoples” Agroecology
2.4. GREEN REVOLUTION 1950 - 1970
2.4.1. Green Revolution - Wikipedia
2.5. COLONISATION OF AMAZON
3. CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS
3.1. Global food systems are failing humanity and speeding up climate change IAP Global food systems are failing humanity and speeding up climate change
3.1.1. there is a critical imperative to avoid further depletion of ecosystem services and biodiversity. According to the World Bank, approximately 11% of the Earth’s land is used for arable purposes – that is, under cultivation – with a larger percentage, more than one-third, agricultural (including pasture and grazed forest lands).
3.2. OUR WORLD IN DATA REPORT 2019
3.3. Special Report on Climate Change and Land — IPCC site
3.3.1. Desertification . https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/11/06_Chapter-3.pdf
3.4. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems
3.4.1. Strong evidence indicates that food production is among the largest drivers of global environmental change by contributing to climate change, biodiversity loss, freshwater use, interference with the global nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, and land-system change -
3.5. The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission report
3.5.1. " The major systems driving The Global Syndemic are food and agriculture, transportation, urban design, and land use"
3.6. GUARDIAN ARTICLE 2020
3.6.1. CAN WE DITCH INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE AND STILL FEED THE WORLD? - “Industrial agriculture exploits the available natural resources of our planet to an untenable and unsustainable extent,” says Vargas of the FAO. “The basic strategy to replace human labour with farm machinery, agrochemicals and fossil energy is a dead end in times of climate change, dwindling oil reserves and over-exploited natural resources.” Experts say a second revolution is now needed, that will encompass not just our growing methods but consumption habits and our entire food economy. This would have to involve farmers, retailers, governments and consumers. In last century’s farming revolution, only one future was offered: industrialisation. For this century, there will be a plurality of alternatives, and combinations of new and ancient technology, and all have their place.Our reliance on artificial fertiliser and intensive farming techniques did not happen overnight, but took decades. Along the way, these methods revolutionised farming and enabled huge population growth and economic growth. We now have a wealth of scientific evidence that shows that continuing down the same path would risk runaway climate change, the extinction of species vital to human life, pollution of our water and air, and the death of our soils.“Industrial agriculture exploits the available natural resources of our planet to an untenable and unsustainable extent,” says Vargas of the FAO. “The basic strategy to replace human labour with farm machinery, agrochemicals and fossil energy is a dead end in times of climate change, dwindling oil reserves and over-exploited natural resources.”Experts say a second revolution is now needed, that will encompass not just our growing methods but consumption habits and our entire food economy. This would have to involve farmers, retailers, governments and consumers. In last century’s farming revolution, only one future was offered: industrialisation. For this century, there will be a plurality of alternatives, and combinations of new and ancient technology, and all have their place.
3.7. Why We Strike Again
4. AGROECOLOGY
4.1. FOOD SOVEREIGNITY - "Food sovereignty and environmental stability are underpinned by agroecological production of food and the use of ecologically sensitive artisanal fisheries practices"
4.1.1. What is food sovereignty?
4.1.2. “Food sovereignty is the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through sustainable methods and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems. It develops a model of small-scale sustainable production benefiting communities and their environment. “Food sovereignty prioritizes local food production and consumption, giving a country the right to protect its local producers from cheap imports and to control its production. It includes the struggle for land and genuine agrarian reform that ensures that the rights to use and manage lands, territories, water, seeds, farm animals, and biodiversity are in the hands of those who produce food and not of the corporate sector.” Food sovereignty was recognized as a pathway toward revitalizing indigenous food systems and practices and for actively engaging traditional and emerging ecological knowledge. The movement became central to indigenous peoples’ mobilization for self-determination in the Americas as well as globally. - DEEP AGROECOLOGY BOOK
4.1.3. Seeds of Sovereignty
4.1.4. Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition Steve Gliessman &Pablo Tittonell
4.1.4.1. Agroecology brings together scientific disciplines, social concepts and practices. The scientific core of agroecology is based on applying ecological concepts and principles to optimize interactions between plants, trees, animals, humans and the environment. In addition, agroecology places social issues at the centre of solutions for a sustainable and fair food system. As a set of practices, agroecology provides multiple benefits to society and the environment, by restoring ecosystem services and biodiversity. Thanks to its integrated approach, agroecology is key to boost food and nutrition security, while improving the resilience of agro-ecosystems.
4.1.5. Towards a “Peoples” Agroecology - WhyHunger
4.1.5.1. It is also critically important to situate agroecology as a tool for social struggle – that is, to use it to fundamentally change the relations of power in the food system and as way for healing of our Mother Earth, at local and national levels. It is not just a mere form of “Sustainable Agriculture”.
4.1.5.2. Agroecology is a political and social methodology and process, as much as it is an ecological alternative to Agribusiness.
4.1.5.3. This is not to say those who are not represented by either of those aforementioned groups do not have an interest at stake in the movement towards food sovereignty through agroecology – quite the contrary. It is to say; however, that given the unequal distribution of power in the food system (towards corporations) and how institutionalized racism, colonialism and oppression have built the food system (and society) as it is, these historically marginalized groups should be supported as they take leadership in guiding society in a different direction, and in particular when it comes to agriculture and food. Without the centering of these groups in the current discussion, then there is no agroecology and no food sovereignty. This recognition is strategic, for it places the question of agroecology and food sovereignty at the intersections of race, class, gender, migration and, ultimately, land.
4.1.6. Declaration of Nyéléni
4.1.6.1. NYELENI SYNTHESIS REPORT
4.1.6.1.1. Works with Nature: Food sovereignty uses the contributions of nature in diverse, low external input agroecological production and harvesting methods that maximise the contribution of ecosystems and improve resilience and adaptation, especially in the face of climate change; it seeks to heal the planet so that the planet may heal us; and, rejects methods that harm beneficial ecosystem functions, that depend on energy intensive monocultures and livestock factories, destructive fishing practices and other industrialised production methods, which damage the environment and contribute to global warming PDF
4.1.6.2. —A seminal moment in the unfolding story of agroecology came during an international forum held in the village of Nyéléni in Mali, Africa, on February 27, 2007. At that forum, key actors in the global food sovereignty movement came together to write and publish the Nyéléni Declaration. Here are some key excerpts: “Agroecology means that we stand together in the circle of life, and this implies that we must also stand together in the circle of struggle against land grabbing and the criminalization of our movements…. The vision that animates agroecology is respect for the necessary equilibrium between nature, human beings, and the cosmos. We recognize that as humans we are but a part of nature and the cosmos. We share a spiritual connection with our lands and with the web of life. We reject the commodification of all forms of life.” -
4.1.6.3. NYELENI NEWSLETTER
4.1.6.4. 2007 food forum NYELENI
4.2. LA VIA CAMPESINA
4.2.1. TOOLKIT
4.3. Agroecology Is Becoming A Global Movement. But Where Does the U.S. Fit In? - Yes! Magazine
4.4. Agro-Ecology Definition: History And Examples
4.4.1. Regenerative Agriculture: Definition
4.5. 'From the Ground Up – Regenerative Agriculture'
4.6. SOCIAL MOVEMENT
4.6.1. Agroecology: Voices From Social Movements (Long Version)
4.6.1.1. "Agroecology as that articulation, the tool to get to food sovereignity. Not the destination, the articulation, the tool"
4.7. IAASTD REPORT
5. URBAN
5.1. BLACK FARMING FOOD SOCEREIGNITY
6. HOJA NUEVA
6.1. Interoceanic Highway incites deforestation in Peru, threatens more to come
6.2. Introducing Hoja Nueva: A Peruvian Based Nonprofit – Fashion For Conservation
6.3. Hoja Nueva: Conservation in remote Peruvian communities
6.4. New deforestation hotspot threatens southern Peru’s tremendous biodiversity
7. FAO
7.1. FAO GAEZ
7.2. FAO - International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition
7.2.1. International Symposium on Agroecology at FAO – Video summary 1
7.2.1.1. “Agroecology continues to grow, both in science and in policies. It is an approach that will help to address the challenge of ending hunger and malnutrition in all its forms, in the context of the climate change adaptation needed,” said FAO Director-General José Graziano da Silva.
7.2.2. second symposium -SCALING UP AGROECOLOGY TO ACHIEVE THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
7.2.2.1. The First International Symposium and seven subsequent regional seminars brought together more than 1 400 participants from 170 countries, who provided evidence on the important contribution of Agroecology in terms of: (i) enhancing smallholder and family farmers’ adaptation and resilience to the impacts of climate change; (ii) improving food security and nutrition through healthy food and diversified diets; (iii) protecting and enhancing agro-biodiversity in support of ecosystem services such as pollination, soil health and recovery of degraded lands and forests; (iv) improving livelihoods in rural areas, and; (v) achieving a transformative change in agricultural practices towards sustainable development.
7.2.2.2. For the media | Second International Symposium on Agroecology | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
7.2.2.2.1. Rachel Bezner Kerr: co-creating knowledge to produce food sustainably
7.2.2.2.2. Hanny Van Geel on the benefits of agroecology
7.2.2.2.3. Mariann Bassey describes agroecology as a way of life
7.3. FAO -THE 10 ELEMENTS OF AGROECOLOGY
8. Visuals
8.1. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2020/feb/20/glaciers-anthropocene-in-pictures-peter-funch-the-imperfect-atlas-rgb-tbw-books
9. REFERENCING
9.1. IMAGES
9.1.1. Unearthed: Last Days of the Anthropocene · Events at The University of Melbourne