1. Primary Dentition
1.1. Dental caries index
1.1.1. dmf
1.1.1.1. d= decayed w/ no recurrent caries
1.1.1.2. m= missing due to caries (not exfoliated)
1.1.1.3. f= filled due to caries
1.1.1.4. only applied to primary molars
1.1.2. def
1.1.2.1. scored on all primary teeth
1.1.2.2. d= decayed with no recurrent caries
1.1.2.3. e= severe caries indicated for extraction (not yet extracted)
1.1.2.4. f= filled due to caries
1.1.2.5. missing teeth not scored
1.1.2.6. Results can be unreliable
1.1.2.7. provides more info than df
1.1.3. df
1.1.3.1. scored on all primary teeth
1.1.3.2. d= decayed w/ no recurrent caries
1.1.3.3. f= filled due to caries
1.1.3.4. missing teeth not scored
1.1.3.5. greater reliability than def
1.1.4. Classification of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC)
1.1.4.1. Evaluation of preschool aged child
1.1.4.1.1. Birth to 72 months or up to 6 years of age
1.1.4.2. Determine if one or more surfaces are decayed, missing, or filled
1.1.4.3. Criteria
1.1.4.3.1. One or more dmfs children under 6
1.1.4.3.2. Younger than 3: any smooth surface caries
1.1.4.3.3. 3 years: one more more cavitated dmfs in maxillary anteriors or four or more dmfs
1.1.4.3.4. 4 years: one or more cavitated dmfs in maxillary anteriors or five or more dmfs
1.1.4.3.5. 5 years: one or more cavitated dmfs I maxillary anteriors or six or more dmfs
1.2. lower case letters represent DMF for primary dentition
2. Fluorosis Indexes
2.1. Dean Fluorosis Index/Community Fluorosis Index (CFI)
2.1.1. used to establish prevalence in the population
2.2. Scoring
2.2.1. Normal 0
2.2.2. Questionable 0.5
2.2.3. Very Mild 1
2.2.4. Mild 2
2.2.5. Moderate 3
2.2.6. Severe 4
3. Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer
3.1. Universal understood definition of the progress of cancers
3.1.1. surveillance
3.1.2. measure end results
3.1.3. determine prognosis
3.1.4. aid in treatment planning
3.2. Stages
3.2.1. Stage I
3.2.1.1. cancer is less than 2 cm inside, not spread to lymph nodes
3.2.2. Stage II
3.2.2.1. cancer is more than 2 cm and less than 4cm in sized has not spread to lymph nodes
3.2.3. Stage III
3.2.3.1. cancer is more than 4 chin size and only lymph node on the same side has cancer
3.2.4. Stage IV
3.2.4.1. cancer has spread
4. Dental Caries Index
4.1. Decayed, Missing, or Filled (DMF)
4.1.1. D= dental caries & recurrent decay. M- missing b/c of dental caries. F- filled b/c of caries w/ no current decay.
4.1.1.1. DMFT (teeth) is recommended for population surveys
4.1.1.2. DMFS (surfaces) is recommended for clinical trials (greater sensitivity)
4.1.2. 28 teeth (3rd molars not scored)
4.1.3. Results
4.1.3.1. Total DMF=caries experience
4.1.3.2. D/DMF= rate of decayed teeth or treatment needs (active caries or morbidity)
4.1.3.3. M/DMF= rate of missing teeth (mortality)
4.1.3.4. F/DMF= rate of filled teeth
4.2. Root Caries Index (RCI)
4.2.1. Measure total root caries experience
4.2.2. Scored on supra- and sub gingival root surfaces exposed to oral environment
4.2.3. Criteria
4.2.3.1. % of decayed and filled root surfaces out of the population of at risk root surfaces
4.2.3.2. All exposed root surfaces are scored
4.2.3.2.1. 4 surfaces per tooth: mesial, distal, lingual/palatal, and facial
4.2.3.3. Cavitated lesions are scored as decay
4.2.3.4. Supra- and sub-gingival lesions can be reported separately
5. Gingival Indexes
5.1. Gingival Index (GI)
5.1.1. Core index for measuring severity of marginal gingivitis
5.1.2. Used in controlled clinical trials
5.1.3. Measured by clinical observation by pressing the probe on the gingiva to determine firmness and number of sites bleeding
5.1.4. Criteria
5.1.4.1. Scoring
5.1.4.1.1. 0: Normal- healthy gingival tissues
5.1.4.1.2. 1: Mild inflammation- slight change in color and/or slight edema no BOP
5.1.4.1.3. 2: Moderate inflammation- BOP
5.1.4.1.4. 3: Severe inflammation- spontaneous bleeding, redness, edema, ulceration
5.1.4.2. Interpretation
5.1.4.2.1. 0.1-1.0: Mild inflammation
5.1.4.2.2. 1.1-2.0: Moderate inflammation
5.1.4.2.3. 2.1-3.0: Severe inflammation
5.2. Modified Gingival Index (MGI)
5.2.1. Uses clinical observation
5.2.2. Scoring
5.2.2.1. 0: Norma- healthy gingival tissues
5.2.2.2. 1: Mild inflammation involving any portion but not all of the marginal gingival until
5.2.2.3. 2: Mild inflammation involving the entire marginal gingival until
5.2.2.4. 3: Moderate inflamamtion
5.2.2.5. 4: Severe inflammation
5.3. Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI)
5.3.1. Detects early symptoms of gingivitis
5.3.2. Walk probe at base of sulcus
5.3.3. Four gingival units scored for each tooth (labial, mesial, distal, lingual/palatal)
5.3.4. Scoring
5.3.4.1. 0: Healthy no BOP
5.3.4.2. 1: apparently healthy but BOP from sulcus
5.3.4.3. 2: BOP, color change from inflammation, no swelling or macroscopic edema
5.3.4.4. 3: BOP, change in color, slight edematous swelling
5.3.4.5. 4: BOP, obvious swelling, may have change in color
5.3.4.6. 5: BOP, spontaneous bleeding, change incisor, marked swelling w or w/o ulceration
5.4. Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI)
5.4.1. Absence or presence of inter proximal bleeding measured by using unwaxed floss
5.4.2. Scoring
5.4.2.1. 1: presence of bleeding
5.4.2.2. 0: absence of bleeding
5.4.2.3. observed for 30 secs after flossing
5.5. Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI)
5.5.1. Absence or presence of interproximal bleeding by inserting interdental cleaner/stimulator 4 times, depressing papilla 1 to 2 mm.
5.5.2. Scoring
5.5.2.1. Presence- 1
5.5.2.2. Absence- 0
5.5.2.3. Observed 15 secs after insertion of the interdental cleaner