1. require cooperation and a time commitment on the part of the teacher
2. Student evaluation
2.1. (+)
2.1.1. Express Ss' perceptions of T's teaching methods and their own adaptations to those methods
2.1.1.1. involve large numbers of learners
2.1.2. Feedback the effectiveness of teaching methods applied in each individual
2.2. (-)
2.2.1. Subjective and lack of accuracy
2.2.2. difficult to interpret or generalize
3. Teachers' written evaluation
3.1. Advantages
3.1.1. in a good position to report
3.1.2. Well-designed form provides info quickly
3.2. easy to carry out and analyze with a large number of respondents
3.3. Disadvantage
3.3.1. The info: impressionistic, biased
4. Teacher's diaries and journals
4.1. Ads
4.1.1. provide relatively detailed and open-ended information
4.1.2. capture info missed by other means
4.2. Disads
4.2.1. difficult to decide the methods for gathering info
4.2.1.1. the questionnaire cannot be used with illiterate subjects and children
4.2.2. impressionistic and unsystematic
5. Audio- and video-record
5.1. Advantage
5.1.1. provide rich account of teaching, record information which is difficult to document in other ways
5.2. Disadvantage
5.2.1. recording instrument, person making record can bias the data
6. Case study
6.1. Advantage
6.1.1. Detailed info about aspects
6.1.1.1. Overtime: accumulated info -> different dimentions of a course.
6.2. Disadvantage
6.2.1. Not typical and representative info
6.2.2. Time-consuming
7. Student's logs
7.1. Advantage
7.1.1. Get students' perspectives on the course
7.2. Disadvantage
7.2.1. Require students' cooperation and time commitment
8. Test
8.1. promote competition among students
8.2. assess Ss' abilities
8.3. provide regular feedback to Ss about their strengths and weaknesses
8.4. determine the efficiency of teaching methods
8.5. (-)
8.5.1. have a poor predictive quality because they only judge a student's ability under set conditions and limited time
8.5.2. limits the curriculum to a set range of knowledge and skills.
8.5.3. Teacher evaluations have been tied to standardized test results.
8.6. reliable and objective measurement
9. Interviews
9.1. Advantage
9.1.1. in-depth questions can be obtained on specific
9.2. Disadvantages
9.2.1. time-consuming
9.2.2. conducted with only with a sample of Ts and Ss --> questionable representativeness
10. Questionnaires
10.1. Advantages
10.1.1. time saving
10.1.2. simple and quick for the respondents to complete
10.1.3. economical
10.2. Disadvantages
10.2.1. lacks of personal contact
10.2.2. poor response
10.2.3. the behaviour, gestures, reactions, assertions and emotions of the respondents remain unoticed
11. Observation
11.1. Advantage
11.1.1. Objectivity
11.1.1.1. Better objective identifications than teacher
11.1.2. Each aspect focus
11.2. Disadvantage
11.2.1. Intrusive presence of observer