1. Maximizing Flatcar Lumber Loadings
2. The 20 Key Questions of Lumber Trading
2.1. Characteristics of Lumber
2.1.1. What is the species?
2.1.1.1. Unique Characteristics
2.1.1.1.1. strength
2.1.1.1.2. texture
2.1.1.1.3. knot structure
2.1.1.1.4. appearance
2.1.1.1.5. weatherability
2.1.2. What is the dimension?
2.1.2.1. nominal description of T & W
2.1.2.2. differs from actual measurements
2.1.3. What is the grade?
2.1.3.1. grades are uniform standards
2.1.3.1.1. most lumber from sawmill is given a grade
2.1.3.1.2. natural characteristics
2.1.3.1.3. added characteristics
2.1.3.2. Grading Agencies
2.1.3.3. Grading Criteria, by thickness
2.1.3.4. boards
2.1.3.5. factory
2.1.3.6. dimension and timbers
2.1.4. What is the moisture content?
2.1.4.1. what is moisture content?
2.1.4.2. how is lumber dried?
2.1.4.3. Green (unseasoned)
2.1.4.4. Dry
2.1.4.4.1. Kiln Dried
2.1.4.4.2. Air Dried
2.1.4.5. Moisture Content 15 (MC15)
2.1.4.6. Partially Air Dried (PAD)
2.1.4.7. Kiln Wet
2.1.4.8. Whats Dry
2.1.4.9. Whats Green
2.1.4.10. Heat Treatment
2.1.5. What is the surfacing?
2.1.5.1. S2S
2.1.5.2. Special Planer Work
2.1.5.3. Resawing
2.1.5.4. Ripping
2.1.5.5. Pattern Work
2.1.5.6. Rerun Charges
2.1.5.7. Hit and Miss
2.1.5.8. Saw-Sizing
2.1.5.9. Rough Lumber
2.1.5.10. Full Sawn
2.1.5.11. Standard Sawn
2.1.6. Are the edges eased?
2.1.6.1. Radius edge decking (RED)
2.1.7. What is the end trimming?
2.1.7.1. Double-end Trimmed (DET)
2.1.7.2. Precision end Trimmed (PET)
2.1.7.3. Pencil trimming
2.1.8. Is the lumber grade stamped?
2.1.8.1. what type of lumber is grade stamped?
2.2. Packaging of Lumber
2.2.1. How many pieces per unit?
2.2.1.1. Unit Size and Marketing
2.2.1.2. Half-packs
2.2.1.3. Dense Packing
2.2.1.4. Minor Bundling
2.2.2. How many lengths per unit?
2.2.2.1. what types of lumber are pulled to length?
2.2.2.2. is all lumber produced in the same lengths?
2.2.3. how is the lumber protected?
2.2.3.1. Paper (or plastic) Wrapping
2.2.3.2. Paper Caps
2.2.3.3. Poly Under Top Tier (PUTT)
2.2.3.4. Chemical Protection
2.2.3.5. What types of lumber are wrapped?
2.2.3.6. Open Units
2.3. Shipping
2.3.1. What is the tally?
2.3.1.1. types of lumber in a tally
2.3.1.2. formula tallies
2.3.1.3. negotiating a tally
2.3.1.4. tally pricing
2.3.2. How much does the lumber weigh?
2.3.3. What is the method of shipment?
2.3.3.1. flatbed trucks (flatbeds
2.3.3.2. truck vans
2.3.3.3. piggyback vans/containers
2.3.3.4. boxcars
2.3.3.5. flatcars
2.3.3.6. waterborne transport
2.3.4. What is the shipment time?
2.3.4.1. buying from mill
2.3.4.2. buying from reload
2.3.5. What is the delivery address?
2.3.5.1. rail shipments
2.3.5.2. trucks and vans
2.4. Pricing & Terms of Payment
2.4.1. What is the price?
2.4.1.1. taxes
2.4.2. What is the credit status?
2.4.2.1. Cash in advance (CIA)
2.4.2.2. invoicing a parent company
2.4.2.3. Letter of Credit (LC)
2.4.2.4. Personal Guarantee
2.4.2.5. Cash on Delivery (COD)
2.4.2.6. Block Orders
2.4.3. What are the terms of payment?
2.4.3.1. 1% CD
2.4.3.2. ADF:
2.4.3.3. 10 days ADI
2.4.3.4. Net 15 days ADI
2.4.3.5. Negotiating the terms of payment
2.4.4. What is the customer's order number?
2.4.4.1. confirmation #
3. The U.S/Canadian Softwood Lumber Agreement
4. The Manufacturing Process
4.1. Lumber
4.1.1. Overview
4.1.2. Step 1: In the woods
4.1.3. Step 2: The Log Deck
4.1.4. Step 3: Staging
4.1.5. Step 4: Debarking
4.1.6. Step 5: Bucking
4.1.7. Step 6: Scanning
4.1.8. Step 7: To the headrig
4.1.9. Step 8: Gang saws and Edgers
4.1.10. Step 9: Green Chain
4.1.11. Step 10: Stickering
4.1.12. Step 11: To the kilns
4.1.13. Step 12: To the Planer
4.1.14. Step 13: Grading
4.1.15. Step 14: End Trimming
4.1.16. Step 15: Sorting
4.1.17. Step 16: Finishing touches
4.1.18. Step 17: Unitizing
4.2. Plywood
4.2.1. Overview
4.2.2. Step 1: The Log Deck
4.2.3. Step 2: Debarking
4.2.4. Step 3: Bucking
4.2.5. Step 4: Conditioning
4.2.6. Step 5: Peeling
4.2.7. Step 6: Clipping
4.2.8. Step 7: Drying
4.2.9. Step 8: Grading
4.2.10. Step 9: Partial Sheets
4.2.11. Step 10: Gluing
4.2.12. Step 11: Lay-up
4.2.13. Step 12: To the press
4.2.14. Step 13: Trimming
4.2.15. Step 14: Unitizing
4.2.16. Step 15: Shipping
4.3. OSB
4.3.1. Overview
4.3.2. Step 1: The Log Deck
4.3.3. Step 2: Bucking
4.3.4. Step 3: Conditioning
4.3.5. Step 4: Debarking
4.3.6. Step 5: Stranding
4.3.7. Step 6: Drying
4.3.8. Step 7: Sorting
4.3.9. Step 8: The Glue
4.3.10. Step 9: The forming line
4.3.11. Step 10: To the presses
4.3.12. Step 11: Scanning
4.3.13. Step 12: Trimming
4.3.14. Step 13: Finishing Touches
4.3.15. Step 14: Unitizing
4.3.16. Step 15: Shipping
5. Calculating Tally Value
6. Shipping
6.1. Rail
6.1.1. Overview
6.1.1.1. Pros
6.1.1.2. Cons
6.1.1.3. Routing
6.1.1.4. Tariff Rates & Contract Rates
6.1.1.5. How to get a rate
6.1.1.6. Rail Equipment
6.1.2. Rail Rates
6.1.2.1. Weight-Based Rates
6.1.2.2. Per Charge Rates
6.1.2.3. Proportional Rates
6.1.2.4. Getting Rates & Routes
6.1.3. Notes
6.1.3.1. Shipping Unsold Lumber
6.2. Trucking
6.2.1. Overview
6.2.1.1. Pros
6.2.1.2. Cons
6.2.2. Rate Structure
6.2.2.1. $ / Loaded Mile
6.2.2.1.1. Know weight before
6.2.2.1.2. Know Miles before
6.2.2.2. $ / hundredweight
6.2.2.2.1. Minimum weight
6.2.2.2.2. Which rate to chose
6.2.3. Notes
6.2.3.1. Tarp Charges
6.2.3.2. Stopover Charges
6.2.3.3. Surcharges
6.2.3.4. Insurance
6.2.3.5. Authority
6.2.3.6. Deadhead Miles
6.2.3.7. Back hauls
6.3. Containers
6.3.1. Overview
6.3.1.1. Pros
6.3.1.2. Cons
6.3.2. Rate Structure
6.3.2.1. Other Services
6.3.2.1.1. Door-to-door
6.3.2.1.2. Ramp-to-door
6.3.2.1.3. Door-to-ramp
6.3.2.1.4. Ramp-to-ramp
6.3.3. Notes
6.3.3.1. Loading / Unloading
7. The 20 Key Questions of Panel Trading
7.1. Characteristics of Panel Trading
7.1.1. Structural or non-structural panels?
7.1.1.1. structural held to grade specs
7.1.1.2. non structural no performance guarentee
7.1.2. Plywood or OSB?
7.1.2.1. Plywood
7.1.2.1.1. OG Structural Panel
7.1.2.1.2. Layered Veneer
7.1.2.2. OSB
7.1.2.2.1. Lower cost
7.1.2.3. PS 1 and PS2
7.1.3. What is the durability?
7.1.3.1. moisture exposure
7.1.3.2. exterior rated panels
7.1.3.2.1. siding
7.1.3.2.2. marine plywood
7.1.3.2.3. concrete forming
7.1.3.3. exposure 1
7.1.3.3.1. direct moisture for short time
7.1.3.3.2. eventually covered
7.1.3.3.3. CDX
7.1.4. What is the species?
7.1.4.1. only applies to plywood
7.1.4.2. different species different strength ratings
7.1.4.3. all species tested
7.1.4.3.1. groups 1-5
7.1.4.3.2. group 1 strongest
7.1.4.3.3. group 5 lowest rank
7.1.5. What is the Grade?
7.1.5.1. plywood grades
7.1.5.1.1. veneer grades
7.1.5.1.2. durability and grade
7.1.5.1.3. grade summary
7.1.5.1.4. most common PS 1 plywood grades
7.1.5.2. OSB grades
7.1.5.2.1. Sheathing
7.1.5.2.2. Structural 1 Sheathing
7.1.5.2.3. Single Floor
7.1.6. What is the surfacing?
7.1.6.1. Sanding/Not Sanding
7.1.6.2. Texturing
7.1.7. What is the span rating?
7.1.7.1. recommended center-to-center spacing
7.1.8. What does the grade stamp say?
7.1.8.1. all plywood and osb marked
7.1.8.1.1. stamp from certifier
7.1.8.1.2. durability classification
7.1.8.1.3. panel grade
7.1.8.1.4. nominal thickness of panel
7.1.8.1.5. span rating
7.1.8.1.6. mill number
7.1.8.1.7. direction of the surface strand (OSB)
7.1.9. What is the size of the panel?
7.1.9.1. Width and Length
7.1.9.2. Thickness
7.1.10. Are there edge issues?
7.1.10.1. tongue and groove defect?
7.1.10.2. miscuts?
7.2. Packaging of Panels
7.2.1. How many pieces per unit?
7.2.1.1. Unit Sizes
7.2.2. How are the panels protected?
7.2.2.1. Paper Wrapped
7.2.2.2. Poly Wrapped
7.2.2.3. Van
7.3. Shipping
7.3.1. How much do the panels weigh?
7.3.1.1. crucial to shipping
7.3.2. What is the method of shipment?
7.3.2.1. Box cars
7.3.2.2. Flat Cars
7.3.2.3. Trucks/Containers/Vans
7.3.3. What is the shipment time?
7.3.3.1. see lumber questions
7.3.4. What is the delivery address?
7.3.4.1. see lumber questions
7.4. Pricing & Payment Terms
7.4.1. What is the price?
7.4.1.1. priced in $/msf
7.4.2. What is the credit status?
7.4.2.1. see lumber questions
7.4.3. What are the terms of payment?
7.4.3.1. see lumber questions
7.4.4. What is the customer's order number?
7.4.4.1. see lumber questions
8. The Business of Trading
8.1. A Day in the life
8.1.1. Who to buy from?
8.1.1.1. Industry Directories
8.1.1.2. Information from credit agencies
8.1.1.3. Commercial sellers of lists
8.1.1.4. Phone Books & Yellow Pages
8.1.1.5. Industry Associations
8.1.1.6. Grading Agency membership lists
8.1.1.7. Old accounts / suppliers
8.1.1.8. The Internet
8.1.2. Develop Accounts
8.1.2.1. Time
8.1.2.1.1. Key Starter
8.1.2.1.2. Account Registration
8.1.2.2. Willingness to learn
8.1.2.2.1. Weekly Pricing Reports
8.1.2.3. Patience
8.1.2.3.1. Chain of Command
8.1.2.3.2. Communication Channel
8.1.2.4. Practice
8.1.2.4.1. Cold Calls
8.2. Philosophy
8.2.1. People Business
8.2.1.1. No Paper Trail
8.2.1.1.1. Verbal Committments
8.2.1.2. High Volume
8.2.1.3. High Value
8.2.1.4. High Complexity
8.2.1.4.1. Product Variations
8.2.1.4.2. Volatility
8.2.1.4.3. Supply vs Demand
8.2.2. How Mills differentiate products
8.2.2.1. Grading Agencies created to standardize
8.2.2.1.1. still room to differentiate
8.2.2.1.2. minimum strength
8.2.2.1.3. physical characteristics
8.2.2.2. Unique Marketing Strategy
8.2.2.3. WHO is selling their products
8.2.2.4. Quality
8.2.2.4.1. Appearance
8.2.2.4.2. Packaging
8.2.3. Order-at-a-time, everyday business
8.2.4. Don't look back
8.2.5. Contract Business
8.3. Speculation & Risk
8.3.1. Manufacturers
8.3.1.1. Classes
8.3.1.1.1. treating plants
8.3.1.1.2. mills
8.3.1.1.3. remanufacturers
8.3.1.2. Activities
8.3.1.2.1. Raw goods to finished products
8.3.1.3. Speculation
8.3.1.3.1. order file
8.3.2. Reselling / Service Businesses
8.3.2.1. Primary Class
8.3.2.1.1. office wholesalers
8.3.2.1.2. Reload centers
8.3.2.1.3. co-ops
8.3.2.1.4. national/regional distribution
8.3.2.2. Activity
8.3.2.2.1. Buy large qtys
8.3.2.2.2. provide service
8.3.2.2.3. sell unaltered
8.3.2.3. Speculation
8.3.2.3.1. Back-to-Back Orders
8.3.2.3.2. Long Orders
8.3.2.3.3. Short Orders
8.3.3. Retailers / End Users
8.3.3.1. Classes
8.3.3.1.1. Retail Lumber Yards
8.3.3.1.2. Big Box Stores
8.3.3.1.3. Wood Products Producers
8.3.3.2. Activities
8.3.3.2.1. Lumber into wood product
8.3.3.2.2. Buy partial truck loads
8.3.3.2.3. sell in $/pc
8.3.3.3. Speculation
8.3.3.3.1. Inventory
8.4. Service Aspect
8.4.1. Marketing
8.4.2. Transportation
8.4.3. Credit
8.4.4. Claims
8.4.5. Speculation
8.5. Inventory Control
8.5.1. Just-In-Time Buying
8.5.2. Vendor Managed Inventory
8.5.3. Electronic Data Interface (EDI)
9. The Futures Market
9.1. Lumber Futures
9.2. What is a futures contract?
9.3. Timing of the Contract
9.4. Why Trade or follow futures market?
9.4.1. hedging
9.4.2. how is a hedge applied?
9.4.3. only 2x4?
9.4.4. the basis
9.4.5. convergence
9.4.6. other types of hedges
9.4.6.1. EFPs
9.5. Lumber options
9.5.1. opportunity not obligation
10. Special Market Sectors
10.1. Pressure-Treated Lumber
10.1.1. why pressure treated lumber?
10.1.2. types of preservative treatment
10.1.3. pressure treating process
10.1.4. retention levels
10.1.5. what does the treatment mark say
10.1.6. what does it cost?
10.2. Machine Stress-Rated Lumber
10.2.1. what is msr?
10.2.2. MSR Grades
10.3. Non-Panel Engineered Wood Products
10.3.1. Finger jointed wood products
10.3.1.1. what is the fingerjointing process?
10.3.2. Glue-Laminated Beams (Gluelams)
10.3.3. Wood I-Joists
10.3.4. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
10.3.5. Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)
10.3.6. Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)
10.4. International Markets
10.4.1. see regions
11. Resolving Claims
11.1. Overview
11.1.1. Who's Responsible?
11.1.2. Claim Filing limitations
11.2. What to do when you get a claim in 12 steps
11.2.1. Step 1: Settle claims as expeditiously as possible.
11.2.2. Step 2: Document clearly and continuously
11.2.3. Step 3: Be quiet and listen
11.2.4. Step 4: Verify its your load
11.2.5. Step 5: Take Charge of the situation
11.2.6. Step 6: Start your paper trail
11.2.7. Step 7: Make Sure the material is unloaded and stored under cover
11.2.8. Step 8: Make sure that the person on the phone has actually seen the problem
11.2.9. Step 9: Is this a grade claim or a dissatisfaction issue?
11.2.10. Step 10: Exchange evidence of the problem
11.2.11. Step 11: How serious in the problem
11.2.12. Step 12: ensure that partial payment will be made
11.3. Types of Claims
11.3.1. Transportation Claims
11.3.1.1. Rail Claims
11.3.1.1.1. what to do
11.3.1.2. Truck Claims
11.3.1.2.1. mark the bill of lading
11.3.1.2.2. what to do
11.3.2. General Grade and Manufacturing
11.3.2.1. lumber related
11.3.2.1.1. misgraded lumber
11.3.2.1.2. reinspection
11.3.2.1.3. mismanufactured lumber
11.3.2.2. Panel-related
11.3.2.2.1. misgraded panels
11.3.2.2.2. Procedure
11.3.2.2.3. results of reinspection
11.3.2.2.4. delamination reinspections
11.3.3. Moisture Content
11.3.3.1. Lumber related
11.3.3.1.1. what to do
11.3.3.2. Panel related
11.3.4. Tally Discrepancies and Shortages
11.3.4.1. tally claims
11.3.4.1.1. what to do
11.3.4.2. shortage claims
11.3.4.2.1. what to do
11.3.5. Shipment Time
11.3.5.1. distribution yard shipments
11.3.5.2. mill shipments
11.3.5.3. early shipments
11.3.5.4. late shipments
11.3.5.4.1. what to do
11.3.6. Market Claim
11.3.7. Complaints
12. North American Softwood Lumber and Panels
12.1. Overview
12.1.1. Softwood
12.1.1.1. Wood from Conifers
12.1.1.1.1. Evergreens
12.1.1.1.2. Gymnosperms
12.1.1.1.3. Common Species
12.1.2. Lumber
12.1.2.1. Sawn on all 4 sides
12.1.2.2. cut to some length
12.1.3. Board Foot (bf)
12.1.3.1. Standard Unit in NA
12.1.3.2. A board 1" thick x 12" wide x 12" long
12.1.3.3. BF = Thickness (in) x Width (in) x Length (ft) / 12
12.1.4. Thousand Board Feet (mbf)
12.1.4.1. Standard Wholesale Unit
12.1.4.2. MBF = 1000 BF
12.1.5. Nominal vs Actual Sizes
12.1.5.1. Nominal
12.1.5.1.1. Name or what its called
12.1.5.2. Actual
12.1.5.2.1. Actual dimensions
12.1.6. Structural Panels
12.1.6.1. Use case
12.1.6.1.1. width
12.1.6.1.2. wood-type properties
12.1.6.2. Manufactured to rigid specs
12.1.6.2.1. meet building codes
12.1.6.2.2. construction applications
12.1.6.3. Applications
12.1.6.3.1. Wall Sheathing
12.1.6.3.2. Roof Sheathing
12.1.6.3.3. Floor Sheathing
12.1.6.3.4. Siding
12.1.6.3.5. concrete forming
12.1.6.3.6. industrial crating
12.1.6.4. Common Types
12.1.6.4.1. Plywood
12.1.6.4.2. OSB
12.1.7. Square Foot (sf)
12.1.7.1. Standard Unit for Panels
12.1.7.2. square 12" wide x 12" long
12.1.7.3. thickness independent
12.1.8. Thousand Square Feet (msf)
12.1.8.1. Standard wholesale unit
12.1.8.2. MSF = 1000 SF
12.1.9. Trading
12.1.9.1. Buyers
12.1.9.2. Sellers
12.1.10. North America
12.1.10.1. Canada
12.1.10.2. United States
12.1.11. The Market
12.1.11.1. current levels
12.2. The Lumber & Panel Marketplace
12.2.1. Overview
12.2.1.1. Massive Market
12.2.1.1.1. Volume
12.2.1.1.2. Employment
12.2.1.2. Diversity
12.2.1.2.1. manufacturers
12.2.1.2.2. regions
12.2.1.2.3. species
12.2.1.3. "free market"
12.2.1.3.1. based 100% off supply & demand
12.2.1.3.2. each sale is unique
12.2.1.3.3. based off negotiated terms
12.2.1.4. Volatile
12.2.1.4.1. market index based on current price
12.2.1.4.2. supply & demand
12.2.2. Market Sectors
12.2.2.1. Overview
12.2.2.1.1. very little lumber & panels used in NA are purchased directly from mill to end user
12.2.2.1.2. products work way through chain
12.2.2.1.3. each link in chain performs specific task
12.2.2.2. NA Softwood Distribution Chain
12.2.2.2.1. Mill Sales Office
12.2.2.2.2. Remanufacturing Plants
12.2.2.2.3. National / Regional Office Wholesale Companies
12.2.2.2.4. National/Regional Manufacturing Companies
12.2.2.2.5. Co-Ops and Buying Groups
12.2.2.2.6. Regional Reload Centers
12.2.2.2.7. Large Metropolitan Wholesale Distribution Yards
12.2.2.2.8. Local Lumber Yards & Big Box Stores
12.2.2.2.9. Local Manufacturers, Building Contractors, DIY's
12.3. Lumber Producing Regions
12.3.1. Overview
12.3.1.1. softwoods grow everywhere in NA
12.3.1.2. species are region specific
12.3.1.3. not all species are commercially viable
12.3.1.4. 6 unique regions
12.3.2. The West Coast Region
12.3.2.1. area
12.3.2.1.1. western OR
12.3.2.1.2. western WA
12.3.2.1.3. west of cascade mountains
12.3.2.1.4. ~100 miles from coast
12.3.2.1.5. some of coastal CA
12.3.2.2. species
12.3.2.2.1. Douglas Fir
12.3.2.2.2. Western Red Cedar
12.3.2.2.3. Western Hemlock
12.3.2.2.4. Sitka Spruce
12.3.2.2.5. Redwood
12.3.3. The Inland Region
12.3.3.1. area
12.3.3.1.1. crest of cascade mountains to rockies
12.3.3.1.2. Eastern OR
12.3.3.1.3. Eastern Washington
12.3.3.1.4. ID
12.3.3.1.5. NV
12.3.3.1.6. MT
12.3.3.1.7. Black hills of SD
12.3.3.1.8. Rocky & Inland NC
12.3.3.1.9. rocky mtn of UT
12.3.3.1.10. Rocky MT CO
12.3.3.1.11. Rocky MT AZ
12.3.3.1.12. Rocky MT NM
12.3.3.1.13. inland CA
12.3.3.2. species
12.3.3.2.1. Pine
12.3.3.2.2. Spruce
12.3.3.2.3. True Fir
12.3.3.2.4. Douglas Fir
12.3.3.2.5. Western Larch
12.3.3.2.6. western red cedar
12.3.4. The South
12.3.4.1. area
12.3.4.1.1. westside
12.3.4.1.2. central
12.3.4.1.3. eastside
12.3.4.2. species
12.3.4.2.1. Southern Pine
12.3.4.2.2. Eastern white pine
12.3.5. The Midwest and Northeast Region
12.3.5.1. area
12.3.5.1.1. MN
12.3.5.1.2. WI
12.3.5.1.3. MI
12.3.5.1.4. VT
12.3.5.1.5. NH
12.3.5.1.6. ME
12.3.5.2. species
12.3.5.2.1. Spruce
12.3.5.2.2. Pine
12.3.5.2.3. True Fir
12.3.5.2.4. Hemlock
12.3.5.2.5. Tamarack
12.3.6. The Western Canadian Region
12.3.6.1. area
12.3.6.1.1. BC
12.3.6.1.2. AL
12.3.6.2. species
12.3.6.2.1. western red cedar
12.3.6.2.2. western hemlock
12.3.6.2.3. douglas fir
12.3.6.2.4. spruce
12.3.6.2.5. pine
12.3.6.2.6. true fir
12.3.7. The Eastern Canadian Region
12.3.7.1. area
12.3.7.1.1. east of AL
12.3.7.1.2. ON
12.3.7.1.3. QE
12.3.7.1.4. Maritimes
12.3.7.2. species
12.3.7.2.1. spruce
12.3.7.2.2. pine
12.3.7.2.3. true fir
12.3.8. Offshore
12.3.8.1. less than 5% of NA supply imported
12.3.8.2. Europe
12.3.8.3. Chile
12.3.8.4. New Zealand
12.3.8.5. Brazil
12.3.8.6. South East Asia
12.4. Structural Panel Producing Regions
12.4.1. Overview
12.4.1.1. same general region as lumber
12.4.1.2. different regions
12.4.2. Plywood Producing Regions
12.4.2.1. Overview
12.4.2.1.1. the west
12.4.2.1.2. the south
12.4.2.1.3. western Canada
12.4.2.2. The Western Plywood Region
12.4.2.2.1. area
12.4.2.2.2. species
12.4.2.3. The Southern Yellow Pine Plywood Region
12.4.2.3.1. area
12.4.2.3.2. species
12.4.2.4. The Canadian Softwood Plywood Region
12.4.2.4.1. area
12.4.2.4.2. species
12.4.3. OSB Producing Regions
12.4.3.1. Overview
12.4.3.1.1. utilize smaller, low value logs
12.4.3.1.2. variety of species
12.4.3.2. The North Central Region
12.4.3.2.1. WI
12.4.3.2.2. MI
12.4.3.2.3. MN
12.4.3.3. The Mid-Atlantic Region
12.4.3.3.1. VA
12.4.3.3.2. WV
12.4.3.3.3. NC
12.4.3.4. The Southeast Region
12.4.3.4.1. FL
12.4.3.4.2. GA
12.4.3.4.3. AL
12.4.3.4.4. MS
12.4.3.4.5. TN
12.4.3.4.6. SC
12.4.3.5. The Southwest Region
12.4.3.5.1. OK
12.4.3.5.2. AR
12.4.3.5.3. LA
12.4.3.5.4. TX
12.4.3.6. The Western Canadian Region
12.4.3.6.1. BC
12.4.3.6.2. AL
12.4.3.6.3. SK
12.4.3.6.4. MN
12.4.3.7. The Eastern Canadian Region
12.4.3.7.1. ON
12.4.3.7.2. QC
12.4.3.7.3. NB
13. Industry Organizations
13.1. American Forest and Paper Association
13.1.1. American Forest and Paper Association Home
13.1.2. American Forest & Paper Association
13.1.3. AF&PA (@ForestandPaper) | Twitter
13.1.4. American Forest and Paper Association
13.1.5. https://www.linkedin.com//company/american-forest-&-paper-association
13.2. American Institute of Timber Construction
13.2.1. American Institute Timber Construction – American Institute Timber Construction
13.3. American Wood Preservers' Association
13.3.1. AWPA
13.4. APA - The Engineered Wood Association
13.4.1. Home - APA – The Engineered Wood Association
13.4.2. APA – The Engineered Wood Association
13.4.3. APA Engineered Wood (@APAwood) | Twitter
13.4.4. https://www.linkedin.com/company/apa---the-engineered-wood-association/
13.4.5. APA – The Engineered Wood Association
13.5. California Redwood Association
13.5.1. Choose Redwood for Your Outdoor Living Spaces | California Redwood
13.6. Chicago mercantile exchange
13.6.1. CONTACT US | Canadian Softwood Inspection Agency Inc.
13.6.2. CME Group
13.6.3. CME Group (@CMEGroup) | Twitter
13.6.4. CME Group
13.6.5. https://www.linkedin.com/company/cme-group/
13.6.6. Login • Instagram
13.7. Canadian Softwood Inspection Agency
13.7.1. Canadian Softwood Inspection Agency Inc. | Macdonald Inspection Services
13.8. Canadian Plywood Association
13.8.1. Canadian Plywood Association
13.9. Council of Forest Industries
13.9.1. BC Council of Forest Industries (@COFI_INFO) | Twitter
13.9.2. https://www.linkedin.com/company/council-of-forest-industries/?originalSubdomain=ca
13.9.3. Home | Council of Forest Industries
13.10. MacDonald Inspection Service
13.11. Maritime Lumber Bureau
13.11.1. Maritime Lumber Bureau - Maritime Lumber Bureau
13.12. North American Building Material Dealers Association
13.12.1. NBMDA : North American Building Material Distribution Association
13.12.2. https://www.linkedin.com/company/north-american-building-material-distribution-association-nbmda-/
13.12.3. NBMDA Headquarters
13.12.4. North American Building Materials Distribution Association
13.12.5. Distributor Convention (@DistributorConv) | Twitter
13.13. National Lumber & Building Material Dealer Association
13.13.1. National Lumber & Building Material Dealers Association - NLBMDA
13.13.2. National Lumber and Building Material Dealers Association
13.13.3. National Lumber & Building Material Dealers Assoc. (@NLBMDA) | Twitter
13.13.4. https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-lumber-&-building-material-dealers-association-nlbmda-
13.14. North American Wholesale Lumber Association
13.14.1. NAWLA : North American Wholesale Lumber Association
13.14.2. NAWLA - North American Wholesale Lumber Association
13.14.3. NAWLA (@NAWLA1893) | Twitter
13.14.4. https://www.linkedin.com/company/nawla/
13.15. Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association
13.15.1. NeLMA (Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association)
13.15.2. NELMA (@iNELMA) | Twitter
13.15.3. NELMA Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association
13.15.4. NelmaTV
13.15.5. NELMA Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association
13.15.6. NELMA Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association
13.16. Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Association
13.16.1. OLMA – Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Agency – Trust in our roots. | Confiance en nos racines.
13.16.2. OLMA – Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Agency – Trust in our roots. | Confiance en nos racines.
13.16.3. OLMA (@olma_lumber) | Twitter
13.16.3.1. OLMA – Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Agency – Trust in our roots. | Confiance en nos racines.
13.17. Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau
13.17.1. Members, Services and Information. An accredited non-profit inspection and certification agency to the lumber industry| Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau
13.17.2. Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau - PLIB
13.17.3. https://www.linkedin.com/company/pacific-lumber-inspection-bureau/
13.18. PFS Corporation
13.18.1. PFS·TECO - Welcome
13.19. Pittsburgh Testing Lab
13.20. Renewable Resource Association
13.20.1. Renewable Resource Coalition: Green Energy & Resources
13.21. Southeastern Forest Products Association
13.21.1. Southern Forest Products Association | Southern Pine Lumber
13.21.2. SFPA (@Southern_Pine) | Twitter
13.21.3. Southern Forest Products Association - SFPA
13.21.4. Login • Instagram
13.21.5. southernpinelumber
13.22. Southern Pine Inspection Bureau
13.22.1. SPIB.org Home | SPIB | Southern Pine Inspection Bureau
13.22.2. https://www.linkedin.com/company/southern-pine-inspection-bureau/
13.22.3. Southern Pine Inspection Bureau
13.22.4. Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (@SPIB_FL) | Twitter
13.22.5. Southern Pine Inspection Bureau
13.23. TECO
13.23.1. TECO Energy
13.24. Timber Products Inspection
13.24.1. Timber Products Inspection: Wood Products Inspection and Testing
13.25. West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau
13.25.1. https://www.wclib.org/
13.25.2. West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau
13.26. Western Wood Products Association
13.26.1. Home
13.27. Window & Door Manufacturers Association
13.27.1. Window & Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA)
13.27.2. Window and Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA)
13.27.3. https://www.linkedin.com/company/window-&-door-manufacturers-association-wdma-/
13.27.4. WDMA (@WDMAnews) | Twitter
13.28. Wood Moulding and Millwork Producers Association
13.28.1. https://www.wmmpa.com/
13.28.2. https://www.facebook.com/Moulding-Millwork-Producers-Association-MMPA-144801978868197/
13.28.3. MMPA (@WMmoulding) | Twitter
13.28.4. https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/15518311/
13.28.5. Login • Instagram
13.28.6. Kellie Schroeder (wmmpa) on Pinterest
14. Key Words
14.1. AAC (After Arrival of Car)
14.1.1. period to provide payment is based around the arrival date of car, not shipment date
14.2. AAT (After Arrival of Truck)
14.2.1. period to provide payment is based around the arrival date of truck, not shipment date
14.3. ADF (After Deducting Freight)
14.3.1. the freight cost is not subject to discounts
14.4. ADI (After Date of Invoice)
14.4.1. period to provide payment is based on the date of the invoice, not shipment or arrival date
14.5. A-Frame Flatcar
14.5.1. railroad flat car with a center divider that goes the length of the car. ( aka center-beam flatcar )
14.6. Agreed Weights
14.6.1. predetermined weight / mbf that will be used to calculate the total shipping weight for railroad invoices
14.7. Air Dried
14.7.1. seasoned by exposure to natural elements, as opposed to being kiln dried
14.8. Anti-Stain Treatment
14.8.1. applied to prevent discoloration and fungal growth during transit and storage ( aka Anti-Travel Treatment )
14.9. Appearance Grades
14.9.1. high-line regular board and dimensions grades that include tighter restrictions on certain appearance characteristics, particularly wane.
14.10. Authority
14.10.1. states that a truck is licensed to operate within
14.11. Back
14.11.1. Backside of a piece of lumber opposite the face. Often the lower quality side
14.12. Backhaul
14.12.1. when a truck picks up goods on the return trip after already delivering a load
14.13. Back-to-back (order)
14.13.1. when the buy and sell simultaneously
14.14. Bad Ordered Car
14.14.1. when a railcar is removed from a train because of mechanical issues
14.15. Bank Trade Information
14.15.1. credit references used to establish a line of credit
14.16. Barge
14.16.1. ship used to transports large quantities of goods
14.17. Basis
14.17.1. difference between the futures market contract price and the cash market price
14.18. Basis Trade
14.18.1. joint trade placed to take advantage of a favorable spread between the two
14.19. BHFC
14.19.1. bulkhead flatcar
14.20. Big Boxes
14.20.1. large warehouse-type lumber and building material stores catering to do-it-yourself shoppers
14.21. Bill of Lading
14.21.1. transportation document describing both the goods received for shipment and the routing of their shipment
14.22. Blocking and Bracing
14.22.1. low-grade lumber used in a railcar to keep the contents from shifting in transit
14.23. Blows
14.23.1. a plywood defect characterized by the separation of a portion of veneers sometimes causing splits in surface veneers
14.24. Board Foot (BF)
14.24.1. common volumetric unit of measure in the lumber industry equivalent to a piece of wood 1 inch thick, 12 inches wide and 12 inches long
14.25. Board Lumber
14.25.1. lumber 1 inch in nominal thickness
14.26. Board Measure
14.26.1. indicates the unit of measure being used is the board foot
14.27. Bow
14.27.1. lumber defect referring to deviation from a straight line drawn end to end along the wide face of a piece of lumber
14.28. Boxcar
14.28.1. a fully enclosed railcar with single or double sliding doors
14.29. Boxed Heart
14.29.1. the center of the tree within the four sides of the end of a piece of lumber ( aka bullseye)
14.30. Buck
14.30.1. to rough cut, for length, a log
14.31. Bulkhead Flatcar
14.31.1. a flat deck railcar with a vertical wall ( or bulkhead ) at each end
14.32. Buying Group
14.32.1. a cooperative organization set up by ( usually ) retail lumber yards to perform certain buying functions ( aka Co-Ops )
14.33. Can
14.33.1. a large flat sided slab from a log, intended to be sawn to smaller sizes
14.34. Car Number
14.34.1. the number of the railcar used for identification, typically painted on the sides
14.35. Carrier
14.35.1. a railroad or truck line that transports goods
14.36. Cash Discount (CD)
14.36.1. incentive used by seller to get fast payment
14.37. Cash in Advance (CIA)
14.37.1. requires payment before shipping the product
14.38. Cash Market or Cash
14.38.1. futures market term used to describe lumber market
14.39. Cash on Delivery
14.39.1. requires payment immediately upon delivery of product
14.40. CCA Chromated Copper Arsenate
14.40.1. used in pressure treating lumber
14.41. Certificate of Inspection
14.41.1. a document issued by the head grader of a sawmill, certifying the grade and species classification of a particular load of lumber that has not been grade stamped
14.42. Checking
14.42.1. a lumber defect referring to the separation of wood fiber across the annual growth rings
14.43. Chemically Protected Lumber
14.43.1. lumber treated with anti - stain chemicals to protect it in transit
14.44. Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)
14.44.1. the lumber futures and options market
14.45. C/L
14.45.1. carload
14.46. Clean and Bright
14.46.1. the freshly manufactured appearance of lumber as it comes from the planer
14.47. Clear
14.47.1. free, or nearly free, of defects
14.48. Cold Calls
14.48.1. unsolicited sales attempts to prospective customers
14.49. Combination Rate
14.49.1. a rail freight price quoted in two or more parts
14.50. Commodity
14.50.1. an item of wide usage , traded in great volume
14.51. Commons
14.51.1. the most generally used grade classification for boards. A term sometimes used synonymous with boards
14.52. Concentration Yard
14.52.1. a large lumber storage and reload facility
14.53. Concrete Form
14.53.1. plywood panels with B grade faces on both sides used as molds in pouring concrete
14.54. Consignee
14.54.1. the one to whom goods are consigned or delivered ; the owner of the goods being shipped
14.55. Constructive Placement
14.55.1. the process of taking a loaded railcar out of a train because it does not have a final destination. A fee is charged for this service.
14.56. Container
14.56.1. an enclosed van that ships like a piggyback , but is not attached to a truck chassis
14.57. Continuous Press
14.57.1. in newer OSB mills, a belt that feds a continuous mat of preformed strands into a press. Panels are cut-to-length after pressing.
14.58. Contract Month
14.58.1. the month in which a particular futures contract will expire.
14.59. Contract Freight Rate
14.59.1. a preferential, non-public freight rate negotiated between a shipper and transportation company.
14.60. Contract Orders
14.60.1. block orders covering multiple shipments
14.61. Convergence
14.61.1. the coming together of market price at the expiration of a contract month.
14.62. Co-Ops
14.62.1. Similar to buyer groups
14.63. Count
14.63.1. the nominal thickness, width and length used in determining board footage for invoicing purposes
14.64. Counter
14.64.1. a counteroffer to buy or sell at a better price, tally, shipment time, etc., than was originally offered
14.65. Coverage
14.65.1. both the ability and the willingness to fill a specific lumber inquiry
14.66. Crook
14.66.1. a lumber defect referring to a deviation from a straight line drawn end to end along the narrow face of a piece of lumber
14.67. Cross-cut
14.67.1. to cut a piece of lumber perpendicular to its length
14.68. Cup
14.68.1. a lumber defect referring to a deviation from a straight line drawn edge to edge across the face of a piece of lumber
14.69. Customer Profile
14.69.1. a listing of all the information known about a customer, including lumber requirements and preferences, as well as personal and business information.
14.70. Cut
14.70.1. a reference a sawmill’s output, as in “ a cedar cut “ or “ a daily cut of one million feet. “
14.71. Cuttings (factory)
14.71.1. a term describing the number of usable pieces one is able to get from a particular piece or batch of lumber
14.72. Cuttings (timber)
14.72.1. a term often used synonymous the timbers
14.73. CWT
14.73.1. short for hundredweight, a transportation term for a hundred pounds.
14.74. Deadhead Miles
14.74.1. the non loaded miles a truck travels to get to the location of the lumber or panels it is going to haul.
14.75. Debarker
14.75.1. any of the various machines used to remove bark from logs prior to processing them into lumber
14.76. Delivered Price
14.76.1. a price that includes the mill cost for the lumber or panels plus the freight to the destination
14.77. Delivering Carrier
14.77.1. the railroad serving the destination customer
14.78. Demurrage
14.78.1. a fee assessed by railroads to shippers who tie up cars beyond the normally allotted loading, unloading and transit time
14.79. Dense
14.79.1. a grade qualifier used to designate lumber with particular strength characteristics
14.80. Dense Packing
14.80.1. a method of loading boxcars whereby various unit sizes used to completely fill the interior space of a car. Most commonly used when loading studs
14.81. Design Values
14.81.1. a measure of strength factors in lumber involving the basic properties of wood. The two most properties of wood. The two most commonly grades design values are bending strength ( Fb ) and modulus of elasticity ( E ) .
14.82. Destination Reload
14.82.1. a reload established to be close to the customer base rather than the supplier base.
14.83. Dimension Lumber
14.83.1. lumber usually 2 inches in nominal thickness
14.84. Distribution Yard
14.84.1. a large storage and shipment yard stocking lumber and other building materials.
14.85. Diversion
14.85.1. the changing of the destination of a railroad car while it is in transit.
14.86. Diversion Point
14.86.1. a centrally located geographic point to which unsold railcars of lumber are shipped and held until the lumber is sold
14.87. Door-to-door piggyback service
14.87.1. a piggyback rate that includes service from the point of the lumber’s origin to the customer’s yard
14.88. Double-end Trimmed (DET)
14.88.1. lumber that is trimmed reasonably square on both ends by the saw
14.89. Dressed
14.89.1. surfaced
14.90. Dry
14.90.1. seasoned usually to a moisture content of less than 19% ( less than 15% fro selects and factory lumber
14.91. Dry Kiln
14.91.1. a chamber in which lumber is temperature and air circulation
14.92. Dunnage
14.92.1. low- grade lumber used as blocking and bracing when loading lumber or panels onto railroad truck or van equipment.
14.93. Eased Edge
14.93.1. a slight rounding of the edges of lumber done as lumber goes through the planer
14.94. Eastern Canadian Producing Region
14.94.1. includes everything east of the province of Alberta, but principally the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes.
14.95. Edgebanding
14.95.1. a inked marking , usually indicating the manufacturer, printed continuously along the edge of a piece of lumber
14.96. Edge-Glued
14.96.1. lumber or veneer glued square edge to square edge, to produce wider pieces
14.97. Electronic Data Interface (EDI)
14.97.1. the transferring of information, invoices, payments, etc. between companies via computer rather than by mail or fax
14.98. Exchange for Physical (EFP)
14.98.1. a futures term meaning that a futures contract shipment will be filled by something other than the contract specified 2 x 4 ( aka Ex-Pit trade )
14.99. End Matched
14.99.1. a pattern run o n both ends of pieces of lumber both to help prevent the ends from splitting and as a means of manufacturer ID.
14.100. End Paint
14.100.1. a colored paint sprayed on the ends of lumber both to help prevent the ends from splitting and as a means of manufacturer ID
14.101. End Stamp
14.101.1. a grade stamp placed on the end of finished lumber, instead of the more normal placement on the face
14.102. End Trim
14.102.1. the description of how the ends of finished lumber are cut
14.103. End Wax
14.103.1. wax sprayed on the ends of lumber to help prevent the ends from splitting
14.104. Engineered Wood Products
14.104.1. products manufactured from wood fiber ( in many different forms ) and glue. Examples include glulam beams, wood I-joists, and laminated veneer lumber
14.105. Exposure 1
14.105.1. a performance rating for panels intended for use in protected applications but where long exposure during construction may be expected
14.106. Exterior
14.106.1. panels designed for continuous exposure to weather or moisture, with proper surface protection
14.107. E Value
14.107.1. the modulus of elasticity. A design value commonly used in machine stress-rated lumber. A measure of stiffness.
14.108. Face
14.108.1. the best of the two wide sides of a piece of lumber or plywood
14.109. Factory Lumber
14.109.1. lumber intended to be remanufactured after it leaves the sawmill
14.110. Fb
14.110.1. the designation for the compression strength design value
14.111. Fbm
14.111.1. feet, board measure
14.112. Fc
14.112.1. the designation for the compression strength design value
14.113. Finger Jointing
14.113.1. a method of end-joining lumber whereby the ends are cut in a deep zigzag pattern forming “fingers.” Using glue, heat, and mechanical pressure, the pieces are forced together to form a strong
14.114. Finish (selects)
14.114.1. the highest grades of lumber graded under Alternate Board Rules
14.115. Firm Offer
14.115.1. a promise to buy or sell a product if certain specific conditions are met.
14.116. Flatbed Truck
14.116.1. a truck tractor and trailer with a flat bed used for hauling unitized lumber.
14.117. Flatcar
14.117.1. a railcar open on all sides. A platform on wheels.
14.118. Flat Grain ( FG )
14.118.1. lumber in which the annual rings form an angle of less than 45 degrees with the surface of the piece
14.119. Flat-to-Van
14.119.1. a piggyback van rate in which the lumber is picked up at the origin on a flatbed truck , then later transferred to a van for its continued shipment to the destination.
14.120. FOHC
14.120.1. free of heart center ( boxed heart )
14.121. Formula Tally
14.121.1. a mill’s standard tally
14.122. Framing Lumber
14.122.1. lumber ( usually 2 inches in nominal thickness ) used for structural members in wood-framed buildings
14.123. Free on Board (FOB)
14.123.1. a freight term meaning that material is being purchased on the basis that all freight considerations are the responsibility of the buyer
14.124. Free of Heart Center (FOHC)
14.124.1. lumber that does not contain the pith of the tree in either end of the piece
14.125. Freight Collect
14.125.1. a freight bill due upon arrival at the destination
14.126. Freight Prepaid
14.126.1. a freight bill paid at the time of shipment, rather than once the shipment has arrived at the destination
14.127. “Friday Prior” Pricing
14.127.1. the practice of pricing ( usually ) contract orders based on the price in a market report published on the Friday prior to the lumber’s shipping
14.128. Ft
14.128.1. the design value measuring tension parallel to grain
14.129. Full Sawn
14.129.1. lumber cut, in the rough, to its full nominal size
14.130. Furring Strips
14.130.1. 1x2, 1x3, 1x4, usually in the lower grades, used in general building applications
14.131. Fv
14.131.1. the design value measuring horizontal shear strength
14.132. Gang Rip
14.132.1. to cut one piece of lumber into a number of smaller pieces in just one pass through the saws
14.133. Gateway
14.133.1. another name for a diversion point. An interim destination for unsold lumber
14.134. Glue-Laminated Beams (Glulams)
14.134.1. an engineered wood product made by face-gluing multiple pieces of lumber together
14.135. Grademark
14.135.1. a stamp or symbol applied to a piece of lumber , by the grader at a sawmill, to designate grade
14.136. Grade Stamp
14.136.1. an inked marking put on lumber to show its important characteristics and mill information
14.137. Green Chain
14.137.1. a moving conveyor chain bringing rough, green lumber out of the sawmill. From the green chain, lumber is sorted by thickness and width in preparation for drying or surfacing.
14.138. Green Lumber
14.138.1. lumber with a moisture content in excess of 19%
14.139. Gross Vehicular Weight (GVW)
14.139.1. the total gross allowable weight for a truck, it's trailer, and its cargo
14.140. Hit & Miss (H&M)
14.140.1. lumber that has been surfaced, but contains skips. The areas of skip dressing are found in those parts of the piece too thin to cleanly surface
14.141. Half Packs
14.141.1. lumber in smaller than normal unit sizes
14.142. Headrig
14.142.1. the primary saw in a sawmill
14.143. Heart Center
14.143.1. the pith or center of a log
14.144. Heartwood
14.144.1. the central ( usually darker in color ) portion of a log between the center ( pith ) and the sapwood
14.145. Hedge (future market)
14.145.1. the establishing of a position in futures opposite to one in the cash market, designed to maintain a profit or minimize a loss
14.146. Hem-Fir
14.146.1. a species grouping including Western Hemlock and all true firs except Alpine and Balsam
14.147. Humped Shipment
14.147.1. a rail shipment that has been damaged by another car slamming into it, jarring the contents
14.148. Hundredweight
14.148.1. abbreviated “cwt” a transportation term meaning 100 pounds
14.149. Incising
14.149.1. cutting slits into the surface of a piece of wood to improve absorption of chemical preservative.
14.150. Inland Producing Region
14.150.1. roughly , the lumber producing region of the U.S. between the Cascade Mountains and the Rocky Mountains
14.151. Interchange
14.151.1. the point at which different railroads intersect and at which railcars can be switched from one carrier to another
14.152. Intermediate Carrier
14.152.1. an in-between railroad in a routing. one that is neither the originating carrier nor the delivering carrier
14.153. Jack Ladder
14.153.1. a type of conveyor used to bring logs up into a manufacturing plant
14.154. Jacket Boards
14.154.1. boards produced in a dimension mill from the thin slabs cut form the outside of logs. Slabs not tickenoguth to make dimension
14.155. J-Grade
14.155.1. Boards produced in a dimension mill from the thin slabs cut from outside of logs. SLabs not thick enough to make dimension lumber. Also called strips or sidecuts
14.156. Joist
14.156.1. A structural framing member used horizontally to support a ceiling or floor
14.157. Just in Time (JIT)
14.157.1. A buying philosophy characterized by minimizing inventory and buying products only as they are needed
14.158. Kerf
14.158.1. The gap or space left by a saw as it cuts through a piece of lumber
14.159. Kiln
14.159.1. See dry kiln
14.160. Kiln Dried (KD)
14.160.1. Describes lumber that has been dried in a kiln (as opposed to being air dried)
14.161. Kiln Dried After Treatment (KDAT)
14.161.1. Refers to lumber that has been kiln dried to 19% or less moisture content after being pressure treated
14.162. Kiln Wet
14.162.1. Lumber that has gone through the kiln drying process, but still contains more moisture than is allowable for dry lumber
14.163. Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)
14.163.1. A type of engineered wood product.
14.164. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
14.164.1. A type of engineered wood products.
14.165. Lathe Check
14.165.1. A characteristic of peeled veneer resulting from the peeling process in which the veneer is bent as it is separated from the block. The depth of a lathe check is influenced by the pressure of the nose, or roller bar
14.166. Lathe
14.166.1. A machine upon which logs are peeled to yield veneer for plywood or laminated veneer lumber
14.167. Layer
14.167.1. A course of veneer used in the wood manufacturing of plywood. A layer can have more than one ply, for example, a 4-ply panel has three layers, with the middle layer being two veneers thick
14.168. Letter of Credit (LC)
14.168.1. A document signed by the buyers bank, guaranteeing payment on a shipment if the buyer should fail to pay within normal terms
14.169. Loaded Miles
14.169.1. A trucking term referring to the actual number of miles that lumber will be carried from a mill to a destination. Does no include the deadhead, or non loaded miles a trucker must travel to get to a mil to pick up the lumber.
14.170. Loading
14.170.1. The type of equipment used to transport a shipment of lumber
14.171. Loading Diagram
14.171.1. A diagram showing the placement and configuration of units of lumber in a loading
14.172. Load Shift
14.172.1. Lumber units or pieces that have changed position while in transit, possibly damaging the material and making it difficult to unload
14.173. Long Deck
14.173.1. A holding yard for logs before they go into the sawmill
14.174. Long Position
14.174.1. A speculative market position in which one buys and one hold lumber or panels for some time before selling it
14.175. Loose Loaded
14.175.1. A boxcar loading in which the lumber is not unitized but which instead is loaded and unloaded piece by piece
14.176. Lot loaded
14.176.1. A way of loading stopover trucks so that portions of the load can be unloaded separately at two or more destinations
14.177. Lumber
14.177.1. A wood product manufactured from a log and sawn on all four sides
14.178. Machine Stress-Rated Lumber (MSR)
14.178.1. lumber both visually and machine graded
14.179. Making Delivery
14.179.1. A futures market term meaning one is going to actually ship a load of lumber against a short position held at the close of a futures contract.
14.180. Mill Grade
14.180.1. Plywood that conforms generally to size, thickness, and glue line requirements but does not have all the quality characteristics necessary for grading agency approval
14.181. Mill Run
14.181.1. The general Grade description for a mills entire grade tally on a particular run, with nothing having been selected out.
14.182. Minimum Weight
14.182.1. The minimum weight that will be charged form regardless of weight being hauled
14.183. Minor Bundling
14.183.1. Special packaging for smaller pieces of lumber (all the same size) that are tied together with string or tape, 10 or 12 per bundle. These small bundles are then usually unitized into normal sized (approx 2’ x 4’) units. Sometimes called sub-bundled
14.184. Mixed Grain (MG)
14.184.1. A load of lumber that contains pieces of both flat grain and vertical grain
14.185. Mixed-species grouping
14.185.1. Lumber of two or more species that have similar appearance and strength characteristics and are manufactured and marketed together
14.186. Modulus of Elasticity
14.186.1. A ratio describing the amount a material will deflect in proportion to an applied load.
14.187. Moisture Content
14.187.1. The weight of the water in the wood, expressed as percentage of the weight of the oven dry (Containing no moisture)
14.188. Moisture Meter
14.188.1. An instrument used to determine the moisture content of a piece of wood
14.189. Nested Shorts
14.189.1. Short length of lumber that are placed end-to-end, inside units of longer length lumber
14.190. Net-Net
14.190.1. A futures market invoicing term meaning that no cash discount is given for prompt payment
14.191. Net Terms
14.191.1. The total amount of an invoice that is due if the discount is not taken
14.192. Nominal
14.192.1. The name for the size of a piece of lumber, not the actual measurement of that piece (i.e., what we call a 2x4 is actually piece of lumber 1-1/2 x 3-½)
14.193. Non-Structural Panels
14.193.1. Any various panels such as particleboard, insulating board, hardboard, medium density fiberboard, and others, which building codes preclude from use in structural applications
14.194. Not-Eased Edges
14.194.1. Refers to edges that have not been rounded or “eased”. They may be square, or they may contain the full amount of wane allowed
14.195. Off Grade
14.195.1. Lumber or panels that do not conform to the grade they were represented as being
14.196. Off the Market
14.196.1. A trading term meaning that a seller is not currently soliciting
14.197. On Hand
14.197.1. A rolling unsold railcar that has stopped at at diversion point pending further orders from the shipper
14.198. On the Bumper
14.198.1. Synonymous with the term “on hand”, meaning
14.199. Open to reciprocal switching
14.199.1. A designation that no local switching fee will be charged to have railcars switched from one carriers to the delivering carrier
14.200. Open Units
14.200.1. Lumber that is not protected by paper wrap or poly under top tier
14.201. Order File
14.201.1. The sold but unshipped orders of a sawmill
14.202. Order Number
14.202.1. The unique number applied to a specific order, differentiating it from other orders
14.203. Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
14.203.1. Structural panels manufactured with compressed wood strands or wafers, oriented lengthwise and crosswise in layer, with a resin binder
14.204. Origin Reload
14.204.1. A reload set ip to be close to the supplier base rather than the customer base
14.205. Originating Carrier
14.205.1. The railroad servicing the sawmil from which a railcar is shipped
14.206. Oven Dry
14.206.1. Lumber from which all the moisture has been removed and thus has 0 percent moisture content
14.207. Paper caps
14.207.1. A type of paper wrapping
14.208. Paper wrap
14.208.1. Heavy paper, wrapped around the top and four sides of a unit of lumber, to protect it during transit and outside storage
14.209. Parallel strand lumber (PSL)
14.209.1. A type of engineered wood products
14.210. Partially Air Dried (PAD)
14.210.1. A lumber that has been stickered and allowed to air dry for some time, but still containing a moisture level above the 19% required for a “dry” designation
14.211. Pattern Work
14.211.1. A series of grooved and channels incised down the length of a piece of lumber as it goes through a planer
14.212. Pencil Trimming
14.212.1. An invoicing procedure whereby less board footage is invoice than is actually shipped
14.213. Pencil Wane
14.213.1. A term used to describe light to no wane
14.214. Per Car Charge
14.214.1. A flat fee charged for hauling a railcar from one place to another, regardless of the footage or weigh being shipped
14.215. Performance Standard
14.215.1. A standard for products designed to meet specific end-use application. A performance standard emphasized end use criteria rather than materials and methods used in manufacturing
14.216. Precision End Trimmed (PET)
14.216.1. see Precision end Trimmed
14.217. Piggyback Van
14.217.1. A van enclosed on the sides, fron, and top. It is loaded
14.218. Pith
14.218.1. The heart center or bullseye of a tree. Seen in cross-section, at the center of the annual growth rings
14.219. Placard
14.219.1. A sign placed on the outside of a boxcar, indicating the side from which the car should be unloaded
14.220. Planer
14.220.1. A piece of sawmill equipment that planes rough lumber, leaving it smooth and uniform in size
14.221. Planer Mill
14.221.1. Although sometimes a separate facility, the planer mill us usually that part of a sawmill where lumber is planed, graded and sorted
14.222. Ply
14.222.1. A single sheet of veneer. One complete piece of veneer in a sheet of plywood
14.223. Plywood
14.223.1. A plat panel made up of a number of thin sheets, or veneers, of wood in which the grain direction of each ply is at right angles to the one adjacent to it. The sheets of veneer are united, under pressure, by a bonding agent
14.224. Poly Under Top Tier (PUTT)
14.224.1. A way of giving some protection to unitized lumber by the insertion of a piece of plastic between the next-to-top and the top tiers
14.225. Precision end Lumber
14.225.1. Lumber trimmed smooth on both ends and varying no more than 1/16th’’ in no more than 20% of the pieces
14.226. Pressure-Treated Lumber
14.226.1. Lumber that has been saturated with chemicals to prevent rot or decay caused by living organisms
14.227. Price at the time of shipment (PTS)
14.227.1. An order committed to by both the buyer and seller, but not having a firm price until it is ready for shipment
14.228. Product of the run
14.228.1. A phrase that when an item is remanufactured into something else, the customer must pay for the entire output of the run, not just the portion that is on the grade.
14.229. PS 1
14.229.1. A product standard for plywood developed cooperatively by the Us department of commerce and the construction and plywood industry. Establishes requirements for the production, marketing and specifying of construction and industrial plywood. The standard covers virtually all plywood grades
14.230. PS 2
14.230.1. A product standard covering wood panels not provided.
14.231. Published Tariff
14.231.1. The standard, printed freight rate from an origin to a destination
14.232. Pulled to Length
14.232.1. Unitized lumber that contains only one length per package
14.233. Quote
14.233.1. An offer to sell at a specific price, in response to an inquiry
14.234. Radius Edge Decking (RED)
14.234.1. Lumber with a larger than normal eased edge
14.235. Rafter
14.235.1. A piece of lumber extending from the ridge of a roof to the eaves to provide framework for the roofing material in building construction
14.236. Ramp-to-Door
14.236.1. A piggyback van rate characterized by service from the railroad loading dock at the origin to the customers yard
14.237. Ramp-to-ramp
14.237.1. A piggyback van rate characterized by service from the railroad loading dock at the origin to the railroad loading dock at the origin to the railroad loading dock at the destination.
14.238. Random Lengths (R/L)
14.238.1. A lumber tally containing various lengths
14.239. Random Lengths Framing Lumber Composite Price
14.239.1. A broad measure of price movement in the north american lumber market, using a weighted average of 15 key framing lumber prices
14.240. Reciprocal Switching
14.240.1. An agreement between railroad companies
14.241. Reinspection
14.241.1. The process of manually regarding a shipment of lumber or panels believed by a customer to be off grade
14.242. Red-Flagged Orders
14.242.1. A credit term for orders taken but not shippable until earlier orders have been paid for
14.243. Reload Center
14.243.1. A lumber and panel storage and transshipment facility
14.244. Reload (Destination)
14.244.1. See destination reload
14.245. Remanufacturing Plant
14.245.1. Sometimes referred to as a reman plan, that is an operation where lumber is converted from one type wood product to another
14.246. Renege
14.246.1. To back out of a n order after it has been placed
14.247. Rerun (to pattern)
14.247.1. To return surfaced lumber to the planer, then return it to add a pattern
14.248. Resawing
14.248.1. The process of cutting lumber in two, parallel to its its wide face. For example making a 2x12 into two pieces of 1x12
14.249. Retort
14.249.1. A chamber used to pressure- treat lumber
14.250. Ripped and Bundled
14.250.1. a remanufacturing process in which lumber is ripped and then minor bundled
14.251. Ripping
14.251.1. The process of cutting lumber in two, perpendicular to its wide face. For example making 2 x 12 into two pieces of 2 x 6
14.252. Roller
14.252.1. An unsold railcar of lumber or panels that is loaded and moving toward a diversion point
14.253. Rough
14.253.1. Lumber that has not been planed or surfaced
14.254. Routing
14.254.1. A railcars itinerary from origin to destination, including interchanges and intermediate carriers.
14.255. Rule Tally
14.255.1. A method of tallying, individually, the board footage if pieces of lumber that are not cut or suraced to standard-width sizes. Usually used on factory lumber that is surfaced
14.256. Run - To plane rough lumber
14.257. S1S2E - Surfaced one side
14.258. S2S - Surfaced 2 sides
14.259. S4S - Surfaced 4 sides
14.260. S2S1E - Surfaced two sides, one edge
14.261. Sapwood
14.261.1. The usually lighter colored part of a log between the heartwood and the bark
14.262. Saw Sized
14.262.1. Lumber cut in the sawmill to the net sizes of surfaced lumber.
14.263. Scaled
14.263.1. A transportation term meaning weighed
14.264. Scant
14.264.1. Small than standard size,
14.265. Select
14.265.1. A high grade of lumber that allows few defects
14.266. Shake
14.266.1. A lumber defect referring to a separation of wood fiber through the annual growth
14.267. Sheathing
14.267.1. Plywood, OSB, or lumber used to close up side walls, floors, or roofs preparatory to the installation of finish materials on the surface
14.268. Shipment Time
14.268.1. The time indicated for a shipment of lumber or panels to leave a mill or reload center.
14.269. Shipper
14.269.1. The party paying the freight bill
14.270. Shop Cutting
14.270.1. A plywood panel that has been rejected as not conforming to the requirements of standard grades, but that can be sold for remanufacturing or re-cutting into applications other than those specified in grading rules or a product standard
14.271. Short Position
14.271.1. A speculative position in which one sells lumber or panels before it is bought.
14.272. Sidecuts
14.272.1. boards- usually 1x3, 1x4 or from thin slaves taken from the outsider of log. Slabs not thick enough to make dimension lumber
14.273. Siding (railroad)
14.273.1. A short dead-end track coming off a main rail line, on which rail cars are loaded and unloaded
14.274. Skip Dressing
14.274.1. Areas on a piece of lumber that fall to surface smoothly usually occurring when number has been sawn scant into the sawmill
14.275. Slasher Deck
14.275.1. The area of an osb mill where logs are sawn to uniform lengths before entering the waferizer
14.276. Slope of Grain
14.276.1. The angle formed by the intersection of the wood fibers with the side of a piece of wood
14.277. Softwood
14.277.1. Wood from trees commonly referred to as conifers or evergreens
14.278. Softwood Lumber Agreement
14.278.1. A seven year trade agreement signed by the U.S and Canada in october 2006, Governing the shipments of lumber produced in canada and exported to the US
14.279. Span Rating
14.279.1. The recommended center-to-center spacing of supports for structural panels. The ratin is a carried as part of the grade mark and, indicated the spacing in inches for various types of applications.
14.280. Splitter Head Ripped
14.280.1. Lumber that is ripped at the planner rather than with a saw blade. WHen a log is viewed in cross section, the summerwood is the dark rings
14.281. Springwood
14.281.1. Wood fiber that is produced during the spring of the year when moisture is plentiful and growth is rapid. When a is viewed in cross section. The springwood is
14.282. Square Edge
14.282.1. Lumber on which there is no wane and the edges have not been eased.
14.283. Standard Sawn
14.283.1. Lumber That is rough cut to smaller than full-sawn sizes yet large enough so that it still
14.284. Stickers
14.284.1. Spacers placed between the tiers of rough green lumber to aid air circulation as the lumber dries
14.285. Stopover Charge
14.285.1. A fee paid to a trucker for picking up or dropping off loads of lumber at two or more points
14.286. Strander
14.286.1. A machine in an OSB mills used to make strands
14.287. Strips
14.287.1. Another name for side cuts or jacket boards
14.288. Structural Panels
14.288.1. Any of various panels, notably plywood or OSB, designed to be used in applications where strength and stiffness are required. Such applications include rood, wall, and floor sheathing
14.289. Stud
14.289.1. A piece of dimension lumber, usually PET, used as an upright in wall construction
14.290. Stumpage
14.290.1. Timber not yet harvested
14.291. Subfloor
14.291.1. Material attached directly to the floor joists or laid on a concrete slab, on which the finished flooring is placed
14.292. Subject to Prior Sale
14.292.1. A trading phrase used to indicate that lumber being offered for sale may not be available at a later date
14.293. Sub Prior
14.293.1. An abbreviated term for “Subject to prior sale”
14.294. Summerwood
14.294.1. Wood fiber that is produced later in the year than the springwood. Because moisture is generally not a s plentiful, growth is less rapid that during the spring, WHen a log is viewed in cross sections, the summerwood is the dark rings
14.295. Surfaced
14.295.1. Lumber that has gone through a planer so that its side are smooth and uniform in size
14.296. Surface Measure
14.296.1. A method used for measuring lumber that considers the face area only. For example, a 2 X 2 12’ and a 1 x 4 12’ both contain the same board footage. WHen measured on a surface measure count
14.297. Surface Moisture
14.297.1. Rain or condensation on the outside of otherwise dry lumber. If placed in a dry, ventilated space, surface moisture will generally evaporate fairly quickly and will not permanently alter the dry condition of the lumber
14.298. Switch
14.298.1. To change a railcar from one carrier to another
14.299. Switching Fee
14.299.1. The charge for having a railcar switch from one carrier to another
14.300. Taking Delivery
14.300.1. A futures market term meaning one is going to actually receive a load of lumber against a long position held at the close of a futures contract
14.301. Tally
14.301.1. The thickness, width, and length piece count of lumber shipping on a particular order
14.302. Tax - Exempt Number
14.302.1. In states with state sales taxes covering the buying and selling of lumber, the tax exempt number must appear on the documentation to exempt the wholesale transaction from state taxes
14.303. Team Track
14.303.1. A public rail loading and unloading facility
14.304. Thousand Board Feet (MBF)
14.304.1. The unit of measure most frequently used in the lumber industry
14.305. Thousand Square Feet (MSF)
14.305.1. The unit of measure most frequently used in the panel industry
14.306. Tier
14.306.1. A horizontal course in a unit of lumber
14.307. Timbers
14.307.1. Lumber 5’’ or more in thickness
14.308. Tongue and Groove
14.308.1. Lumber or panels machined to have a groove on one side and a protruding tongue on the other, so that piece will fit snugly together, with the tongue of one fitting into the groove of the other
14.309. Tracing a Shipment
14.309.1. A transportation phrase meaning learning from the carrier the location of a load of lumber in transit
14.310. Trading
14.310.1. The buying, selling and transporting of wholesale quantities of lumber or panels
14.311. Transit
14.311.1. A term used to describe unsold lumber that may or may not have actually shipped from a mill
14.312. Transit Time
14.312.1. The time required to actually move a load of lumber from the origin to the destination
14.313. Twist
14.313.1. A defect referring to a deviation flatwise, in a piece of lumber, creating the form of a curl or a spiral
14.314. UDDB
14.314.1. Unitized double door boxcar
14.315. Underlayment
14.315.1. Structural panels designed to be used under the finished flooring in a structure
14.316. Unitized
14.316.1. Lumber that is steel or plastic banded together into units for forklift handling
14.317. Unit Size
14.317.1. The number of pieces of lumber in a unit
14.318. Unseasoned
14.318.1. Lumber that contains more than 19% moisture content
14.319. Upcharge
14.319.1. An extra charge for some additional service
14.320. Van-to-Flat
14.320.1. a special piggyback van rate in which the lumber is transported like a normal van shipment, except that prior to delivery, the lumber is reloaded from the van to a flatbed truck for delivery
14.321. Vertical Grain (VG)
14.321.1. Lumber sawn so that the wide face of the finished piece is approximately perpendicular (greater than 45 degrees) to the annual growth rings on the log
14.322. Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)
14.322.1. an accounting system under which lumber physically in a buyers inventory is not paid for until it has been sold
14.323. Veneer
14.323.1. Wood peeled into sheets of a given constant thickness and combined with glue to produce plywood or laminated veneer lumber
14.324. Waferboard
14.324.1. A structural panel product made of randomly oriented wafers of woodbound together by rein, heat and pressure. Little wafer board is produced today; it has largely been superseded by OSB
14.325. Waferizer
14.325.1. A machine that converts wood bolts to wager, or stands, for use in waferboard or OSB
14.326. Wane
14.326.1. A limber defect referring to the absence of wood or the presence of bark along an edge or corner
14.327. Warp
14.327.1. a lumber defect referring to any combination of bow, crook, cup, or twist
14.328. Weekly Pricing Guides
14.328.1. reports published weekly by independent companies charting the prices of many common lumber and panel items
14.329. Weight-Based Rates
14.329.1. truck or rail rates in which the weigh being hauled is a significant factor in the shipping cost
14.330. West Coast Producing Region
14.330.1. The western part of the states of oregon and washington (west of the cascade mountains) and a bit of coastal northern california
14.331. Western
14.331.1. A term generally applied in the industry to lumber produced west of the rocky mountains in the US or Canada
14.332. Western Canadian Producing Region
14.332.1. The provinces of british columbia and alberta
14.333. Western Plywood
14.333.1. plywood produced mostly in those portions of washington and oregon ease of the cascade mountains, and in montana and idaho, using douglas fir, hem-fir, fir and larch,and white woods. The term sometimes is used more broadly to include softwood plywood produced west of the cascades as well.
14.334. Wet Bin
14.334.1. a storage bin for green wager or strands prior to drying
14.335. White Lumber
14.335.1. Treated 2-inch southern pine lumber generally sells for $50-65 per thousand more than the price of the same size and grade of untreated lumber
14.336. Wholesaler
14.336.1. Businesses that buy large volumes of lumber and/or panels, provide some type of service connected with them, and finally sell those products again, usually in an unaltered form