General Review

1. Conditionals

1.1. ZERO: - Use: General facts. - Concept: It is usually used to talk about general facts. - Example: If you heat ice it melts. - Structure: If + simple present.

1.2. FIRST: - Use: A possible condition and its probable result. - Concept: refers to the present or future when the situation is real. - Example: If you don't hurry you will miss the train. - Structure: If + Present + Will+ Infinitive

1.3. SECOND: - Use: A hypothetical condition and its probable outcome - Concept: It is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. - Example: If I spoke Italian, I would be working in Italy. - Structure: If + Past simple + Would + Infinitive.

1.4. THIRD: - Use: An unreal condition from the past and its probable result in the past - Concept: It is based on facts that are opposite to what is being expressed - Example: If you had studied harder you would have passed the exam. - Structure: If+Past perfect + Would + have+ Participle.

2. Future tenses

2.1. Future simple: - The "simple future" refers to a time after the present and expresses facts or certainties. In this case, there is no place for attitude. - Subject + will + infinitive without "to" - It will rain tomorrow.

2.2. Future continuous - The action will have started before that specific moment and will continue after it. - Subject + will be + verb + ing - I will be talking with Barney at the pub.

2.3. Future perfect: -It is used for actions or states that will have ended at any given time in the future. -Subject + will + have + past participle of the verb - He will have decided to leave.

2.4. Future perfect continuous: -Refers to unfinished events or actions, situated between the present moment and a future time. - Subject + will have been + "present participle" of the main verb. - By 2001 I will have been living in London for sixteen years.

3. Defining and non-defining relative clauses

3.1. Defining and Non-defining: - A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about: Ex: I like the woman who lives next door. -A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. We don't need this information to understand the sentence. Ex: I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.

3.2. Defining relative clauses: -We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. We use 'who' for people and 'which' for things. We can use 'that' for people or things. The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. - Examples: *The people who / that live on the island are very friendly. *The man who / that phoned is my brother. *The camera which / that costs £100 is over there. *The house which / that belongs to Julie is in London.