Aplastic Anemia

1. risk factors

1.1. Heredity

1.2. Toxins

1.3. Radiation and chemotherapy

1.4. Infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis and Epstein-Barr (Zhang, et al., 2018)

1.5. Giving birth (The Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation, n.d.)

1.6. Most often found in children, young adults, or those over 60 years old (Zhang, et al., 2018)

2. diagnostic tests

2.1. Aspiration of bone marrow (Huether, Rote, & McCance, 2019)

2.2. Clot retraction test (Huether, Rote, & McCance, 2019)

2.3. Reticulocyte count will be low (Huether, Rote, & McCance, 2019)

2.4. CBC (complete blood count) (Peslak, Olson, & Babushok, 2017)

2.5. peripheral blood smear (Peslak, Olson, & Babushok, 2017)

3. common findings

3.1. pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow (Peslak, Olson, & Babushok, 2017)

3.2. Loss of appetite, weight loss (Zhang, et al., 2018)

3.3. Paler than normal skin (Zhang, et al., 2018)

3.4. Difficulty concentrating and excessive fatigue (Zhang, et al., 2018)

3.5. Unexplained bruise, epistaxis, heavy menstrual cycles, rectal bleeding (Zhang, et al., 2018)

4. causative factors

4.1. Immune-mediated injury of progenitors (Huether, Rote, & McCance, 2019)

4.2. Caused by malfunctioning in the bone marrow (Peslak, Olson, & Babushok, 2017)

4.3. lymphocyte destruction of early hematopoietic cells (Peslak, Olson, & Babushok, 2017)

5. pathophysiologic etiology

5.1. It is a life threatening disease where red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are under produced in the body (The Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation, n.d.)

5.2. It is classified as autoimmune (The Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation, n.d.)

5.3. The patient's bone marrow cells are damaged and do not produce blood

6. treatments

6.1. bone marrow transplant (Peslak, Olson, & Babushok, 2017)

6.2. immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with horse antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine A. (Peslak, Olson, & Babushok, 2017)

6.3. Blood transfusions (Peslak, Olson, & Babushok, 2017)