1. core 3- first aid
1.1. situation and assessing casualty
1.1.1. DRSABCD
1.1.1.1. danger, response, send help, airway, breathing, compressions, defillibration
1.1.2. STOP
1.1.2.1. stop, talk, observe prevent
1.1.3. BBBB
1.1.3.1. breathing, bleeding, breaks, burns
1.2. crisis managements
1.2.1. CPR
1.2.1.1. 30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths
1.2.2. stop bleeding
1.2.3. shock
1.2.4. neck and spinal injury
1.2.4.1. support
1.2.5. moving casualty
1.2.5.1. unless necessary
1.2.5.2. lateral position
1.3. management of medical injuries
1.3.1. fractures
1.3.1.1. DRSABCD, RICER, STOP
1.3.2. dislocation
1.3.2.1. 000, STOP, DRSABCD
1.3.3. head injuries and concussions
1.3.3.1. support, airway, no pressure
1.3.4. eye injuries
1.3.4.1. lateral position, close eyes
1.3.5. nasal
1.3.5.1. forward, pinch nose
1.3.6. teeth
1.3.6.1. keep in place, w/ spit in foil, dentist
1.3.7. electrocution
1.3.7.1. cool area
1.3.8. chest injuries
1.3.8.1. pad area, comfy position
1.3.9. abdominal injuries
1.3.9.1. no food, loosen, on back slowly lift of arm and legs
1.3.10. heart attack
1.3.11. stroke
1.3.12. diabetes
1.3.12.1. hypoglycaemia
1.3.12.1.1. DRSABCD, 000, food only conscious
1.3.12.2. hyperglycaemia
1.3.12.2.1. insulin, DRSABCD, 000
1.3.13. epilepsy
1.3.13.1. DRSABCD, lateral position, remove danger, airway open, check pulse, 000
1.3.14. asthma
1.3.14.1. medication, monitor breathing, water
1.3.15. poisoning
1.3.15.1. if unconscious, DRSABCD, 000
1.3.15.1.1. unknown, no vomiting
1.3.16. bites and stings
1.3.16.1. snake, no elevate, immobilise, 000
1.3.16.1.1. bee, ice, monitor
1.3.17. exposure to heat and cold
1.3.17.1. heatstroke, rest in shade, cool body, water
1.3.17.1.1. hypothermia, warm up slowly
1.3.18. wounds
1.3.18.1. abrasions, open, penetrating
1.4. physical enviro
1.4.1. traffic accidents
1.4.1.1. form barrier, warn traffic, ignition off
1.4.1.1.1. situational analysis, identify and priority assessment, what to do and treat first
1.4.2. water enviro
1.4.2.1. no placing self in risk, use resources, check temp, currents and weather
1.4.3. electricity
1.4.3.1. aware of risk, examine and assess for harm, no contact with power lines, turn power off, remove items with e.g stick
1.5. infection control and protection
1.5.1. HIV
1.5.1.1. in contact w/ blood or body fluids
1.5.2. hepatitis c and b
1.5.2.1. virus contact w/ blood
1.5.3. know the unlikely risk
1.5.3.1. use gloves, mouthguard ect
1.6. legal and morals
1.6.1. legal to not have to assist unless part of accident- follow laws, can be sued
1.6.2. morally have to
1.7. debriefing and counselling
1.7.1. know everything of accident
2. core 4- outdoor recreation
2.1. reasons for participation
2.1.1. social interaction
2.1.2. appreciation for enviro
2.1.3. health and fitness
2.1.4. stress management/ relaxation
2.1.5. enjoyment/ challenge
2.2. conservation skills
2.2.1. self reliant, tread lightly, watch your safety, pack in pack out, always remember, by hygienic, water pure, careful w/ fire, before leave, choose sites carefully, protect fauna and flora, respect aboriginal heritage, courteous to others, when in camp, leave no trace
2.3. leadership styles
2.3.1. democratic
2.3.1.1. mutual respect
2.3.1.1.1. equal
2.3.2. laissez-faire
2.3.2.1. don't get involved
2.3.3. autocratic
2.3.3.1. full control, dictates everything
2.3.4. strategic nonintervention
2.3.4.1. motivate others to explore and intervenes when needs to
3. core 1- better health for individuals
3.1. perception of health
3.1.1. social construct
3.2. health of young people
3.2.1. improved
3.2.2. reduction in morbidity and life expectancy
3.2.3. protective and risk behaviours
3.3. meaning of health
3.3.1. dimensions-physical, social, mental, emotional, spiritual health
3.3.2. relative health, dynamic health
3.4. determinants of health
3.4.1. individual factors
3.4.1.1. knowledge, skills, genetics, attitude
3.4.2. sociocultural factors
3.4.2.1. family, peers, media, religion, culture
3.4.3. socioeconomic factors
3.4.3.1. employment, education, income
3.4.4. environmental factors
3.4.4.1. geographical location, access to health services, tech
3.5. modifiable and non-modifiable determinants
3.5.1. indigenous
3.5.1.1. - Death rate 4x higher- 20 years less years to live -Suffer high rates of chronic illness -Poor levels of health and negative perception
3.5.2. rural
3.5.2.1. -More hospital admissions for injuries and poisoning -More likely to engage in drinking and poor diet ect
3.5.3. low socieconomical
3.5.3.1. -More likely to experience poor levels of health than others -Death rates 2x higher -Higher injury rates
3.6. health promo
3.6.1. individuals
3.6.2. community groups/ schools
3.6.3. NGO
3.6.4. gov
3.6.4.1. local
3.6.4.2. state
3.6.4.3. federal
3.6.5. WHO
3.6.5.1. develop personal skills
3.6.5.1.1. edu, life skills
3.6.5.2. creating supportive enviro
3.6.5.2.1. dwell,
3.6.5.3. strengthening community action
3.6.5.3.1. implement actions for health
3.6.5.4. reorienting health services
3.6.5.4.1. focus and delivery of health services
3.6.5.5. building healthy public policy
3.6.5.5.1. gov laws
3.7. health promo strategies
3.7.1. lifestyle/ behavioural approach
3.7.1.1. quit smoking, health edu
3.7.2. preventative
3.7.2.1. immunisation, cancer screening
3.7.3. public health approaches
3.7.3.1. promo schools, work
3.8. social justice
3.8.1. equity
3.8.1.1. allocating resources fairly to needs most
3.8.2. diversity
3.8.2.1. diff groups w/ diff needs
3.8.3. supportive enviro
3.8.3.1. live, community, work, play ect.
4. core 2- body in motion
4.1. skeletal system
4.1.1. major bones
4.1.1.1. Red blood cells – carry oxygen around the body. White blood cells – make up the body’s immune system. Platelets – are used for clotting.
4.1.1.2. bone marrow
4.1.1.2.1. -Red blood cells – carry oxygen around the body. -White blood cells – make up the body’s immune system. -Platelets – are used for clotting.
4.1.2. anatomical position
4.1.2.1. posterior
4.1.3. joints
4.1.3.1. Tendons- holds muscle to bone Ligaments- holds bone to bone Cartilage- softer bone substance
4.1.3.2. fibrous/immovable joints cartilaginous/ slightly moveable joints synovial/ freely moveable
4.1.3.3. joint movements
4.1.3.3.1. Ball and socket e.g shoulder, hips Hinge joint e.g elbow, knee, fingers Condyloid e.g wrist Flexion- bending Extension- straightening Adduction towards centre Abduction away from centre Circumduction circular motion Rotation- twisting bone Dorsiflexion- toes towards tibia plantar flexion- toes away tibia / pointing toes Inversion- sole/inside of foot up Eversion- outward side of foot up Pronation- face palm downwards Supination - face palm upwards
4.2. muscular system
4.2.1. major muscles
4.2.1.1. Agonist- prime mover Antagonist- muscle that relaxes
4.2.1.2. Skeletal
4.2.1.2.1. - slow twitch fibres / red fibres- contract slowly, produce less force, fatigue slowly, aerobic (endurance) activities - Fast twitch fibres/ white fibres- contract quickly, great deal of force, fatigue quickly, anaerobic (speed/power) activities
4.2.1.3. Cardiac
4.2.1.4. Smooth
4.2.2. contractions
4.2.2.1. isometric- not moving, put under tension but does not change its length
4.2.2.2. Isotonic- moving, muscle changes length, concentric = muscle shortens, eccentric= muscle lengthens
4.2.2.3. Origin- where it comes from, insertion- where it goes to, action- joint actions
4.3. respiratory system
4.3.1. steps
4.3.1.1. 1. Air enters via nasal cavity
4.3.1.2. 2. Air goes to pharynx
4.3.1.3. 3. Travels to larynx
4.3.1.4. 4. Travels to trachea
4.3.1.5. 5. Trachea splits in ½ to bronchi
4.3.1.6. 6. Bronchi spreads into bronchioles
4.3.1.7. 7. Alveoli exchange gases w/ capillaries in circulatory system delivering o2 to blood and removing co2 from blood to breathe out
4.3.2. Glucose + o2 - co2 + energy(atp) + h2o
4.3.3. - Bronchi left/right divide into no.s of branches/ bronchioles, initially resulting in clusters of tiny air sacs/ alveoli, walls of alveoli have network of capillaries, where o2 is exchanged for co2 from bloodstream
4.3.3.1. diffusion
4.3.3.1.1. facilitated
4.3.4. inspiration, expiration
4.3.4.1. Inspiration- breathe in- diaphragm contracts/ flattens lifting ribs upwards and outwards
4.3.4.2. Expiration- breathe out- diaphragm relaxes and moves upward
4.3.5. training response
4.3.5.1. Once exercise starts rate and depth of breathing increases rapidly bc of stimulation in sensory receptors in joints as result of movement
4.3.5.2. Increases further in exercise from increased concentration of co2 in blood which triggers greater respiratory activity
4.4. circulatory system
4.4.1. heart
4.4.1.1. two atria and two ventricles
4.4.1.2. blood vessels work to provide oxygenated blood and nutrients to organs and rid the organs and tissues of carbon dioxide and waste products.
4.4.1.2.1. The veins are in charge of delivering blood poor in oxygen back to the heart to get its needed oxygen.
4.4.1.2.2. The capillaries connecting the arteries to the veins. It is in between the capillaries that oxygen, nutrients and waste are exchanged between the organs, tissues and the blood.
4.4.1.2.3. The arteries are the tubes in charge of transporting blood that is rich in oxygen to the organs and tissues.
4.4.1.3. steps
4.4.1.3.1. Step 1: It all starts when the unoxygenated blood comes towards the right side of the heart through the veins.
4.4.1.3.2. Step 2: The heart pumps this unoxygenated blood to the lungs where they discharge the carbon dioxide and pick up some oxygen.
4.4.1.3.3. Step 3: The blood is now rich in oxygen and is ready to return to the left side of the heart where it gets pumped through the arteries.
4.4.1.3.4. Step 4: This newly oxygenated blood is ready to nourish the body’s cells and tissues. From the arteries, it goes into much smaller tubes called the capillaries. This is the area where the oxygen and nutrients get released to feed your organs. Once oxygen-free, the blood acts as a carrier once again, picking up carbon dioxide and waste products.
4.4.1.3.5. Step 5: This loaded blood returns then to the heart using the veins and the loop goes on again with the same cycle over and over.
4.4.1.4. Contraction and relaxation
4.4.1.4.1. Contraction is referred to as systole and relaxation is referred to as diastole.
4.4.1.5. Blood pressure is the force exerted by your blood on the walls of your blood vessels (arteries).
4.5. health related components of fitness
4.5.1. cardiorespiratory edurance
4.5.1.1. heart, lungs, long time
4.5.2. muscular strength
4.5.2.1. force at single max
4.5.3. muscular endurance
4.5.3.1. repeated contractions against resistance for long time
4.5.4. flexibility
4.5.4.1. move joints freely
4.5.5. body composition
4.5.5.1. fat, bone, muscle, water %
4.6. skill related component of fitness
4.6.1. power
4.6.1.1. work in amount of time
4.6.2. speed
4.6.2.1. how fast
4.6.3. agility
4.6.3.1. able to move quickly and smoothly
4.6.4. coordination
4.6.4.1. diff parts together
4.6.5. balance
4.6.6. reaction time
4.7. aerobic and anaerobic
4.7.1. FIIT
4.7.1.1. Frequency
4.7.1.2. Intensity
4.7.1.3. Time
4.7.1.4. Type
4.8. immediate responses to training
4.8.1. heart rate
4.8.2. ventilation rates
4.8.3. stroke volume
4.8.4. cardiac output
4.8.5. lactate levels