1. Indus
1.1. Geography:The Indus River is a river that farmers farmed along. The Indus river is in modern day India. India's first civilization grew around the valley of the Indus River. This civilization developed in an area that is dry most of the year. When the river flooded It left behind rich soil which is good for growing crops.
1.1.1. Government:The Indus Valley had a strong Central Government. The Indus Valley does not have any evidence of a king. The walled Citadel can protect floodwaters and attackers.
1.1.1.1. Writing: The people these days do not know how to read the symbols found on the stone seals and pottery. Most experts think that these marks are a form of writing. They don't know if these marks are names, records of sales, or something else.
2. Shang
2.1. Geography:Chinese civilization arose along the Huang River. By 5000 B.C. farmers had settled in a number of villages in this river valley.
2.1.1. Writing:The Shang did not use an alphabet for their written words which are called Characters.By 1300 B.C., the Shang had a fully developed writing system.
2.1.1.1. Government:The Shang leaders organized groups of farmers to clear and prepare new land. The result was larger harvests. With extra food Shang rulers could support many soldiers. They attacked neighboring lands and expanded their territory.
3. Sumeria
3.1. Geography: The region is in Iraq and is a crescent shaped land that is in between 2 rivers.
3.1.1. Writing: Sumeria priests created a writing system called Cuneiform.
3.1.1.1. Government: In the war priests choose the best person to lead the city state into battle. After the war was over this leader was supposed to give up his power and return to normal life. But some of these military leaders kept control of the city states even after war ended. These military leaders became the first kings of Sumeria.
4. Egypt
4.1. Geography: Egypt’s civilization developed in a river valley with rich soil. The ancient Egyptians treasured is the Nile River.
4.1.1. Writing:Ancient Egyptians developed early forms of writing at around the same time of Sumerians. People aren’t sure who developed writing first. Egyptian writing used hieroglyphics. Most ancient Egyptians did not know how to write.
4.1.1.1. Government: 2 kingdoms developed in Egypt. People say that Narmer united the two kingdoms in 3000 B.C. This made him the first king of a united Egypt.