1. Motivating Employees
1.1. F.W Taylor
1.1.1. Money
1.1.1.1. Taylor thinks that money is the main motivator for workers, meaning if workers are paid more, they would work more.
1.2. Maslow
1.2.1. Hierarchy of needs
1.2.1.1. Maslow made the hierarchy of needs that he believed is able to motivate employees, this pyramid consists 5 different types of Motivation:
1.2.1.1.1. Self Actualization
1.2.1.1.2. Esteem
1.2.1.1.3. Love/Belonging
1.2.1.1.4. Safety
1.2.1.1.5. Physiological
1.3. Herzberg
1.3.1. Hygiene factors
1.3.1.1. Herzberg believes in hygiene factors, that are literally what people need to work for comfortably, this includes security, working conditions, salary and relationships with coleauges. While motivational factors like achievements and promotions, can motivate the worker in working more.
1.4. McGregor
1.4.1. Theory X and Y
1.4.1.1. Theory X
1.4.1.1.1. People that uses theory X believes that people does not like to work and must be pushed by other external factors to keep them working.
1.4.1.2. Theory Y
1.4.1.2.1. While people that uses theory Y believes that people will do work in the correct and comfortable environment.
2. Recruitment selection and training of employees
2.1. Recruitment
2.1.1. Types of recuitment
2.1.1.1. External Recruitment
2.1.1.1.1. External recruitment is a type of recuitment that involves hiring someone in a work force from outside the company, basically hiring strangers
2.1.1.2. Internal Recruitment
2.1.1.2.1. Internal recruitment on the other hand, is a type of recruitment that hires employees from inside the company, like promoting an employee from one part to another.
2.1.2. Documents to be submitted during application
2.1.2.1. CV
2.1.2.1.1. A CV a form of a writing that must be sent to the business. Highly similar to an application form, it must contain most or all of: personal details, schools or universities attended, work experience, hobbies and interests and other experiences.
2.1.2.2. Application Forms
2.1.2.2.1. Application forms are very similar to CV's and mostly requires what CV's does,
2.1.2.3. Letter of Application
2.1.2.3.1. A letter of application should have contents that a CV does, but it should also include a short explanation of: reasons of job application, interview dates, experience and why he is good for the job and details of current work.
2.1.3. Interviews
2.1.3.1. One on One interviews
2.1.3.1.1. One on one interviews, like what their names say, are interviews between only the interviewer and the interviewee.
2.1.3.2. Panel Interviews
2.1.3.2.1. Panel interviews, unlike one to one interviews, has not just one interviewer, but several interviewers to interview the interviewee.
2.1.3.3. Board Interviews
2.1.3.3.1. Board interviews are similar to panel interviews but the interviewers are more senior like the managers of a business. This interview type is used to select more senior managers to see how they will react to stress or other things.
2.1.4. Employee working hours
2.1.4.1. Full-time
2.1.4.1.1. Full time workers will usually work for 35 hours or more in a week.
2.1.4.2. Part-time
2.1.4.2.1. While part time workers will work for less than 35 hours a week.
2.2. Training
2.2.1. Induction Training
2.2.1.1. Induction training involves in the newly hired worker being taught of the ways of the organization and how it works. They can also meet other people during induction training and make friends and colleagues alike.
2.2.2. On-the-job Training
2.2.2.1. On the job training is when the worker is brought to the business to observe and watch how the business operates time to time.
2.2.3. Off-the-job Training
2.2.3.1. Off the job trainings are theory trainings provided by the business on the newly hired worker somewhere outside the business itself. There are 3 types:
2.2.3.1.1. In house courses
2.2.3.1.2. External courses
2.2.3.1.3. Vocational and profesional educational courses
3. Why it's important to motivate employees?
3.1. There are many reasons to why people work, most of the times its to probably get money to survive. However, employees would not do well if they don't enjoy their job. Motivation is to increase the employees productivity, which will therefore increase profit. An unmotivated workforce would not want to work.
4. Legal control of employments
4.1. Unfair Dismissal
4.1.1. Some workers in other countries will be fired due to uncertain reasons, these reasons include racist, them being pregnant or ill or them joining trade unions. If workers feel that it is unfair, they can do an employment tribunal
4.2. Contracts
4.2.1. Contains the wage employees will receive, how frequently wages will be given out and how and how often wages will be reviewed.
4.2.1.1. Permanent Full-time contracts
4.2.1.2. Permanent Part-time contracts
4.2.1.3. Fixed-term contracts
4.3. Discrimination
4.3.1. Direct discrimination
4.3.2. Victimization
4.3.3. Indirect discrimination
4.4. Health and safety
4.4.1. Sometimes workers might not want to work if they are working in an environment that is not safe for them. For this, businesses will have to give the workers health insurance or medical assistance in case they get hurt. Workers should also get rest once in a while.
4.5. Wages
4.5.1. Wages should not be too low or too high. Because of this, the government has implemented the laws minimum wage and maximum wage. Minimum wage is the least amount of money that you can pay a worker. This varies in different countries.
5. Communication in a business
5.1. Types of communication
5.1.1. External Communication
5.1.1.1. external communication means exchange of information both within the organization itself and outside the organization.
5.1.2. Internal Communication
5.1.2.1. Internal communication is information and ideas exchange within the organization itself
5.1.3. One way communication
5.1.3.1. One-way communication flows from a sender to a receiver, but nothing goes back in return
5.1.4. Two way communication
5.1.4.1. Two-way communication involves feedback from the receiver to the sender. This allows the sender to know the message was received accurately by the receiver.
5.1.5. Open communication
5.1.5.1. Open communication occurs when all parties are able to express ideas to one another, such as in a conversation or debate.
5.1.6. Closed communication
5.1.6.1. Closed communication doesn't allow for expressions of feelings, ideas, individuality or creativity.
5.2. Methods of communication
5.2.1. Verbal Communication
5.2.1.1. The Verbal Communication is a type of oral communication wherein the message is transmitted through the spoken words. Here the sender gives words to his feelings, thoughts, ideas and opinions and expresses them in the form of speeches,
5.2.2. Written Communication
5.2.2.1. A 'Written Communication' means the sending of messages, orders or instructions in writing through letters, circulars, manuals, reports, telegrams, office memos, bulletins, etc.
5.2.3. Visual Communication
5.2.3.1. Visual communication is the use of visual elements to convey ideas and information which include but are not limited to, signs, typography, drawing, graphic design
5.3. Communication Barriers
5.3.1. Dissatisfaction or Disinterest With One’s Job
5.3.1.1. If you are unhappy or have lost interest in your job, you are far less likely to communicate effectively – both on the giving and receiving ends
5.3.2. Inability to Listen to Others
5.3.2.1. Active listening is an important aspect of effective communication. You cannot engage with someone if you are not listening to them because you will tend to make assumptions about their needs based on your perceptions versus reality.
5.3.3. Lack of Transparency & Trust
5.3.3.1. It is extremely difficult to communicate anything when there is a lack of transparency and trust
5.3.4. Conflicts in the Workplace
5.3.4.1. Conflict can happen for a variety of reasons and when it does, it becomes a barrier to effective communication
6. Organization and management
6.1. Trade unions
6.1.1. an organization of wage earners or salaried employees for mutual aid and protection and for dealing collectively with employers
6.2. Organizational structures
6.2.1. An organizational structure is a system that outlines how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the goals of an organization.
6.2.2. Parts of an organizational structure
6.2.2.1. Hierarchy
6.2.2.2. Chain of command
6.2.2.3. Span of control
6.2.2.4. Delegation
6.3. Organizational hierarchies
6.3.1. Tall structures
6.3.1.1. organizations which constitutes of different hierarchy levels are tall hierarchical structure.
6.3.2. Flat structures
6.3.2.1. Flat organizational structure is defined as an entity where the top management is in direct contact with the front-line salespeople, employees at the floor levels as well as the customers.
6.4. Roles of people in organizations
6.4.1. Director
6.4.1.1. A company needs directors to act and make decisions on its behalf.
6.4.2. Managing director
6.4.2.1. A managing director coordinates the activities for a specific organization. He also keeps business goals and objectives in mind
6.4.3. Managers
6.4.3.1. They play both an administrative and leadership role.
6.4.4. Supervisors
6.4.4.1. A supervisor is anyone who oversees and manages a team or individual to ensure that they are performing effectively and satisfied in their role.
6.5. leader ship styles
6.5.1. Autocratic Leadership
6.5.1.1. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers.
6.5.2. Democratic Leadership
6.5.2.1. Democratic leadership is a leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision-making process.
6.5.3. Laissez Faire
6.5.3.1. Laissez-faire leadership is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the decisions.