Theme page - Migration unit

1. Impelled migration- Forced migration, safety

1.1. War - Example -World War two

1.1.1. Jews

1.1.1.1. Resilience- Fighting Back

1.1.1.2. Asylum-Protection or safety, to later become citizens, given by countries that are neutral in the war. Switseland.

1.1.1.3. Refuge- Providing Home

1.1.1.4. Helped by the allied forces- England, Amarica, France

1.1.2. Nazis

1.1.2.1. Hate Jews

1.1.2.2. Germans, Italians, Japanese

1.2. Oppression

1.2.1. Biased politicians- discriminates by race, caste, class, gender, etc

1.2.1.1. Racism and slavery- Discrimination based on skin colour. Racism can lead to slavery. America has a civil war because of this. It was between the south, who wanted slaves, and the north, who was against racism. The civil war was won by the North, and they abolished slavery and racism. Many people have moved because of this.

1.2.1.2. Class and caste- Discrimination by wealth and position in the religion. This discrimination mainly happens in India and the Hindu religion. In Hinduism, there are many different castes like brahmins which are highly treated and normally teacher, or warriors, etc. However, the lower castes like Dalits or the untouchables are treated very badly. They are not allowed to use/touch the same things as the higher castes. This makes them very poor, which connects to the class system. When Martin Luther King came to a school in India the teacher called him "the untouchable of America" because he was African American. From India, untouchables have migrated elsewhere, to lead a better life.

1.2.1.3. Gender Discrimination- It is not very common to move because of gender. However, areas where women or men are harassed and treated so badly, that they cannot live there, they have to migrate.

1.2.2. Religious oppression

1.2.2.1. Jews in world war two

1.2.2.2. Islam in Slovakia

1.2.2.3. Secular countries like the United Kingdom, Sweden, India, have no wars but a slight preference for the majority religion. For example, Sweeden, even though one of the most developed countries in the world, takes peoples salary to give to the church.

1.2.2.4. Minority religions in religious countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan.

1.2.2.5. Rohingyas are an ethnic group in the majority Buddhist country, Myanmar. They are mainly Muslims and a little Hindus. Their were 1 million of them in Rakhine state. The military, governments, monks, and citizens of Rakhine state hated these people. They burnt their mosques,a nd tortured thousands of them. The Myanmar citizenship act does not recognize them as one of the ethnic groups. They say that they have come from Bangladesh, when they haven't. all the surviving Rohingyas have migrate either to Indonesia, Bangladesh, or India. Only 3 lacks remain in Rakhine state.

1.3. IDPs- Internally displaced people

1.3.1. Internal displaced people- Because of a crisis, like a natural disaster or a riot, people have to leave their homes and run away. If this happens inside a country, then they are IDPs.

1.4. Refugees

1.4.1. Refugees- Refugees are people who have left their country because of a crisis, for example, natural disasters, wars, etc. The country you start to recede in because of the country in which you take refuge and you become a refugee. there are two laws I order two become a refugee. The first one is they shouldn't be stopped anywhere. Secomnd, they should not be asked for any legal documentation

2. Better lifestyle

2.1. HDI- Human development index

2.1.1. Life expectancy- How long one lives

2.1.2. Literacy rate- How many people are educated

2.1.3. GDP per capita- The average salary of one person. Money!!

2.1.4. Norway is the most developed country in the world followed by Switzerland and Australia.

2.1.5. Step migration- Moving up the development index. From village to town, to city, to an industrialized country. More than one step

2.2. Quality of living.

2.2.1. Infrastructure- The way the city/ place is planned or built. The structure, quality, time period.

2.2.2. Cleanliness- The sanity/quality of water, the house, general place. Land and water pollution causes a drop in the sanity level. This can also link to health

2.3. Employment

2.3.1. Oil- This is a rare case of migration. However, people migrate to the middle east (mostly dubai, kuaith, etc), to work in oil factories. By this, people earn tons and tons of money.

2.3.2. Rural to urban- Rural to Urban migration is when people move from villages to cities for a job, with a substantial salary, or a better life. This also connects to the migrant labor situation

2.3.3. Chain Migration- Chain migration is when many people move because of one person. For example, a farther is moving from Hampi to Bangalore for a better lifestyle. He finds out that Banglore is a very nice place. He will call his wife and children to move there too. This is chain migration because it started with the farther moving.

2.3.3.1. Slave Migration- Slaves moving from one country/continent to another

3. Seasonal/ Natural Reasons for Migration

3.1. Natural disasters- Natural disasters is one of the impelled migrations connecting to season. Nowadays, because of the growth of technology, people are warned 1 day, or sometimes even a week before the Natural disaster hits. They have to leave their homes. Once they move they either become refugees (if they land up in another country or Internationally displaced people, more commonly known as IDPs (if they reach some other parts of the country). However, there are some reasons which are more prone to natural disasters. For example, the monsoon will be a prone time for cyclones and floods in beach areas. For example, the 1999 Odhisa Cyclone. It damaged a lot of property and made many people not only from Odhisa, but Myanmar and Thailand evacuate their homes and flee to flat land, or mountainous regions.

3.2. Jobs- Farmers are one of the many people's jobs that link with seasons. For example, if there is cultivation in Surat, in summer. The farmers will have to migrate there to finish the work. Then they will come back to their hometowns which is return migration.

3.3. Health- Because of health, people might have to migrate to weather that suits them better. To add on, if there is a drought in one place, the people would want to move to a wetter place, especially farmers.

3.4. Return migration- If the reason for migration is a natural disaster, you would want to come back to your home. When you return to your hometown from the place you migrated to, it is called return/reverse migration.

3.5. Money- One mass migration was when citizens of east Europe migrated to Asiatic Russia. In cold environments, there is quite a lot of expensive things like oil. Yatuk, the coldest city in the world has had a sudden population growth. It has had a growth rate of more than 1 percent last year (current pop 3.33 lack).

4. Health

4.1. Pandemic and epidemics- During the covid 19 pandemic, many countries have had to go under complete lockdown. This meant no moving around. However, some people managed to migrate out of the country and go to their relative's house, in some other country. The same thing happens if only one country gets a certain disease.

4.2. Food and water- If there is a shortage of food/water where you live, you have to migrate out of there. This is for your survival. For example, in the movie, the boy who harnessed the wind, everyone left the south of Malawi to migrate to the north, because there was a drought and no food.

5. Meaning Of Migration

5.1. Migration is when you move from one place to another for a long period of time. This can be inside/ or outside your country.

6. Types of Migration

6.1. Seasonal Migration- Its the movement of population from their place of origin after and before planting and harvesting activities, before and after planting and harvesting seasons to job target places.

6.2. Intracontinental- Migrating inside the continent.

6.3. Rural to urban- Migrating from village to city.

6.4. Internal Migration- Inside the country interregional- Inside the country intraregional- Inside the state

6.5. External Migration- Outside the country. Intracontinental- Inside the continent Intercontinental- Outside the continent

6.6. Intercontinental- Outside the continent

6.7. Immigration- Entering a country

6.8. Emmigration- Exciting a country

6.9. Step migration- Moving up the development index. Farm, village, town, city, moving out of the county.

6.10. Return/reverse migration- Coming back to your hometown.

6.11. Involunturee- Forced migration

6.12. Impelled- Forced Migration

6.13. Push- The place in which you live in is pushing you out of there (forced).

6.14. Pull- The place to which you migrate is pulling you towards there (volenturee)

6.15. Chain migration-Chain migration is when many people move because of one person. For example, a farther is moving from Hampi to Bangalore for a better lifestyle. He finds out that Banglore is a very nice place. He will call his wife and children to move there too. This is chain migration because it started with the farther moving.

6.16. Mass Migration- A migration including more than a million people.

6.17. IDPs- Internal displaced people- Because of a crisis, like a natural disaster or a riot, people have to leave their homes and run away. If this happens inside a country, then they are IDPs.

6.18. Refugees- Refugees are people who have left their country because of a crisis, for example, natural disasters, wars, etc. The country you start to recede in because the country in which you take refuge in and you become a refugee.

6.19. Slave migration- Slave migration is when slaves move from one place to another because they get paid more/ they are in more need.

6.20. Volenturee- When you want to move somewhere else (pull).

7. Timeline-Mass Migration

7.1. 1840- Irish and Germans to north America, pull factor, to find new land.

7.2. 1880- Southern and Eastern Europe to north America, pull factor, to find new land.

7.3. 1899 - 1904- Residents of Eastern Europe to Asiatic Russia, Siberia. The coldest city in the world, Yastuk, Sibiria has more than 4 lack inhabitants which is quite a lot! Pull factor, cold environments have costly things such as oil.

7.4. 1947 onwards- The Indian Partition. India, Pakistan, and East Pakistan, later became a separate country known as Bangladesh. Pakistan and Bangladesh were created for Muslims. India was made for all. Push factor, because minority religions in the West Pakistan/ Pakistan either killed or converted. They all migrated to India. However, Kashmir, even though part of India is the only state with the majority of Muslims. Henceforth, they want to be a part of Pakistan. There is always a lot of tension between India and Pakistan. Bangladesh has always been India's friend and is now become secular like India. The only reason Bangladeshis migrate to India is to lead a better life.

8. Expert talk- Delhi virtual field trip- Notes

8.1. Day 2- India not a country, separate kingdoms, different cultures, mixed, Ashoka occupation, Bihar Odisha, less migration, kings, British formed India by combining all these kingdoms. The impression of migration- religion, the impact from other regions, Mahabharata in Persian, 4 taj mahals, wife for husband, Armenian catholic church, black taj, white taj, red taj, language no connect with religion, the church in Urdu, in Dheli, church mosque temple, in one place, stereotype associated with the image, architecture associated with weather, trade, Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, traders traded, same seal, Indus valley, Mesopotamia, the language of Indus valley, found in Mesopotamia, material, 6 traders, decoded Mesopotamia language, Indus valley not yet, compare notes, what these people meant, maps, Sumire, Ilam, Gujarat, bullock cart, ships, 1 month, less time, influence culture, measure items, Meloha, travel, translates, help in communication, king, medieval India, Persian India, Arabic Africa, Morocco to India, understandable, attack, Telugu people learned Persian, from Dheli to Andra, migrate, to India, teach how to draw Zeebra, Giraffe, Camel, imagine, Konarak, Odhisa - Africa, trader, bring the animal, describe the animal, artist, don't know, proportion is out, assistance, drawmedillie, less expensive, zoroastrians, not surviving in Islam extremist kingdoms, Extreeme minorities, fled to India, refuge, kisea, current day Gugarat, Parsi, not understand each other, sign language, milk overflowing, parsoi show sugar in milk, gugarati finally agreed, 3 conditions, learn Gugarati, women wear sari, blend in, many famouse parsis, azrbejan capital, Baku, Fire temple, ateshga, natural fire, natural gas resoirvires, flame went away, 1960, artificial flame, now, hindu influence, hindi, persian, Pakistan region, Punjabi, indian traders, donation, nazi sign orignate, Germany-Indus Valley civilization, same pattern, Egypt, Rome, Mesopotamia, language change, migration, bring words from their language, adopt some words, west coast, battata, potato, annana, pinnaple, Portugal influence, east coast, English urdu influence, same words in hindi, Punjabi, kannada, from Persian, British book, published in Lonndon, in 1800, learn Persian, court language, India, old manuscript, Europian accounts, Akbar, accurate, local, take it leisurely, different styles, red fort, Britishers, dirtiest and filthiest, actually beautiful, made of gold, entered from gate, horse stable, dung smell, Saivant, most celebrated incarnation of vishnu, Ram, Krishna, caste, Hinduism, dairy, Frenchman, letters to family, local custom, translated, slowly learn the local language, different languages of India, 1877, Speciments of languages, Bengal, Bombay, Hindustan, Western bengal, Dravadian, central provinces, Punjab, Bhutanis language, Assames, languages of Tripura and kachad, dilects of naga tribes, language of Burma, Shivsagar, Odhia, Tamil, Telgu, Kannada, Malyalam, Kanpur, learning local languages, central India and Hindi belt, proverbs, half are not used, evolution of language, Punjab, parsi religious people, Bombay and Kalkuta, conquering a land, impose their culture, south east Asia, many Indian cultures, Sigapora, later Singapore, Ashoka converted to Budhist, gave up violence, parsi women not looking same, blend in, Irani Dhabas, made by Parsis, yellow butter.

8.2. Day 1- Civilization- Building of a city, settlement. The organization, moving from one area to another, migration. Early human migration- From Africa to the world, a civilization built, river civilizations- Egyptian, China civilization, Mesopotamian, Harappan civilization. Art, caves, Art elements, animal figures, same all over the world, hand impression, petroglyphs, carving on a rock, cave paintings, crush colourful rocks, animal blood, mix with elements, hunting, ideas, expression, scrupulous, granite, good looking, many forms, stone tools, no metal, interaction, researchers, theories, archaeologists, 350 KM apart, Bhimbetka, Bhanpura, South Bhopal, India, forms of interaction, rock shelters, god, spiritual, early time, no gods, no complex imagery, Tripura, New civilizations, meetings, agriculture, trading, interaction, 200 petroglyphs, Indus Valley civilization, spread, only one cited, horse bone, donkey bones, image is the donkey, traded, bullock cart, trader, queen, king, medieval, simple monoliths, fort, defensive wall, 7 rivers, sewage systems, great bath, canals, streets, tiles, inbuilt toilet, along the street, Indian toilet, trading, agriculture, guard tower, 2 layer minimum houses, lower town, upper town, separating the towns, danms, loose tunnels, lake, pond, wooden gates, trade, relationships, graries, organized, marketplaces, segregate shops, lothal, Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Dholavira, Gujarat, Extreme weather, Run of Kutch, to wet, to dry, seals, beads, Sarasvati, more in Pakistan, India found more, more time and money, Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej, Punjab, Persian- 5 rivers, cultures India, Pakistan, different cultures, Lothal, pottery, Crow story, pebble to get water, not Europe, not panchatantra, cunning fox, pots tell stories, Kalibangan, seal, roll on clay, procession, torture, diciption, marriage, birth, story, religious story, gods and goddesses agriculture, festival, hunting, slaves, black bangles, fighting, gender discrimination, tiger lady, bull, beginning of durga, beginning of all stories, human animals, no evidence, images, horn, headgear, violence, fighting for women, Ashoka, Greco-Budhist art, mis of Buddhism, Iran, Iraq, Greece, and Roman, Iran has Ashoka pillar before Uttar Pradesh, Lion, India, Iraq, Greece, older, younger, practice, similar images, migration, artists, develop, other places, people from A country, learn B country art, create the art, in A country.

8.3. Day 3- Challenges, early people, no food/water, different terrains, tell the next generation, overcome, one theory, Harrapan cities, to much water, overflow, flood, natural calamity, end of civilization, Brahmi script, today's Asian script, South and North, all scripts of today, South Indian, East Asian, North Indian, etc, Jain Architecture, Hindu, same. Settling of Dheli- Dheli, many names, 12 forts, one fort, rashpatri Bhavan, dheli, in one hill, Haryana country, heaven on Earth, Dhilika is the capital, King, Dhilu, therefore, Dhilika, now Meheroli, Shaiarali Khan, Aligad Muslim university, the first account of Dheli, London, translate, he got things wrong, book name, Asar-us-Sanadid (Urdu Book) by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Yoganipura, Jain community, living in Dheli, sun temple, therefore, Meehirapura, city, not too far from the Yamuna, Otherside of the Yamuna, battleground British, now Noida, Dheli much older, part of Indus Valley, Pandavas, Dheli, Inderprast, Pandavas capital, wall, 3 times higher, no gates, Bastian, go to the city, 3 times taller, hot oil, stones, burning oil, defending the city, Anand Pal Tomar, Gugar pratiha, till Rajasthan Gujarat belt, migration, Faribhad, no one knows why, it was built there, but no proof, water source, Anand Pal Tomar the 1, settled in Dheli, 7th century, his succeser, Anand Pal the third, grandson, Prithva Raj Chauhan, took over Meheroli, Marrige, his mother, threat of Persians and Muslims, called the fort Qila, for defence, lost of false information, Chand bardai, threat, Afghan king, Mohomand Ghori, killed Prithvi Raj Chahau, Yog Maya temple, Krishna, replaced by cousin, sister will kill all brothers children, spare daughter, she did not, therefore temple, Kaki's Dargah, biggest grave in the world, oldest royal tomb in India, Sultan Ghari, Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud, Son of Iltutmish, all Muslim family went to Pakistan, Hindu families came here, Muslim shrine, hindus worship the grave, there is swastiks, Muslims came back, all peacfull and united, marriage, came here, yoga, giving water, molavi, Muslim priest, Muslim king, Akbar Shah II, wanted to see the mosque, went through the temple, gave flowers, unity, British stopped this, divide and rule, firozabad, firosha tuklugs, Rajputs, Slave dynasty, khilji dynasty, tuklugs, not city city, peacfull, capital, occupying area around this place, Kumayas, from this area, where people occupies, well, forts, mosques, pull factor, better opportunities, migration, power, economy, chain migration, ambala, Jipotra, tei together, installed on this palace, pillar, gold on top of it, minarazami, beganpur masjid, complete villgae, shifted, live inside the mosque, bullok cart, huts, by villagers, slalry and food, help them, Jhajar, hindu village, nawab, persicute hindus, many sikhs kings, have hindu and muslims genrals, and vice versa, before britidh came, no persicution.

8.4. Day 5- 1947- Largest human mass migration, IDPs, Refugees, Delhi, sentiment, Indian partition, India, Pakistan, East Pakistan, West Pakistan, Bangladesh, Portugal, ship, rich, the scope of trading, Spanish, Dutch, French, British, 1560, British, burning, looting, 31 December 1600, east India company, Akbar, 1612, Jahaaveer, loads of riches, the emperor allowed, factories, to the fort, Fighting, local landlords, 1686, Childs war, Araungzaib, defeat, Mecca, looted, Aurangzaib attacked the East India Company, 1690, the court of Aurangzaib, plead for Bargain, ban lifted, 1695, Ganj-I-Sawai, looted by English pirates, war over, British crown, friends, an east Indian company, the battle of place, 1557, pirates, supported by governments, fighting, British, French, Nawab of Bengal, no permission, Aziz-ud-din Alamgir II, army, permission from the queen, destroying, Dutch, French, British, Portugal, Black hole, for 6, 200, brought out, many died, soldiers, decided, Robert Clive, the Mughal Empire, bribing, British won, Battle of Plasi, promise, side with British, Battle of Baxar, won, 1764, Bihar, Chattisgad, half of the traders, Vellore mutinity, 1806, Barrackpore Mutinity, 1858, Govt o findia Act, First Indipendence, British company ended, 1858, British Raj, Partion of Bengal, Revolt by Indians, to big, Hindu Majority, Muslim Majority, split, 1905, Congress revolt, all Hindu, Bengal governer, 1911, Dhaka Nawab, all India Muslim leage, 1912, shift capital, Kolkata, Dheli capital, First world war, 1914-1918, British suffer loss, Lucknow, Pact, 1916, Hindu-Muslim unity, fight British, Howevr election, Hindu majority, hindu leader, Muslim majority, Muslim leader, All India Muslim leage, Congress, unity, unrest, Swaraj, separate election, sikh, Muslim, hindu, Anglo Indians, and Indian Christians, Sir Syed Amer Khan, Aligadh Muslim university, 2 limbs, Muslims and hindus, all India msuslim leage, Go to Europe, state religion, India needs state religion, who will rule India when Britidh leave, Hindu or Muslims, 1920, riots in Utar Pradesh, politicians, install threat, fighting, riots, convincing, 1930, mohomad Iqbal, state, only Muslims, Muslim majority, lawers, winning elections, 1940, All India Muslim leage, Lahore resolution, a separate state, in British India, West Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, 1946, world war 2 done, Britsh left India, Mohomad Ali Ginah, 16th Augaust, 1946, action day, Interm governments, called of protest, riots, Sardhar Alabai Patel, 1rst person, other than All Muslim leage, British Prime minister announced, Self government, 3rd June plan, Partion, 15 Augast 1947, British crown went, 600 Princly states, stay with king, Burma, India, Aganishtahan, Pakistan, UAE, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Civi Radclif, Borderm 8th July, short deadline, border commitions, sikh people died, murdered, no census, British, Domainin of Pakistan 14th Augast, Domanainin of India 15th Augast, 16th copy of Partition, 17th Augast, Partition was declared, Tripura and Bangladesh, Partition through Tripura houses, Two Falgs inside houses, Bangladesh Indipendent, India Bangladesh friends, Borders fixed, largest migration, Congress and All India Muslim leage, sentiment, 14.5 people moved, India many muslims, refused to move, Delhi, all Muslims moved, Sikhs and Hindus came to India, big refugee camp, Gwalior, several months, people explore on there own, government authorized, tents were houses, localities, old fort, bungalows, cars, take all resources, very few had vehicals, essentials, killing, riots, two parties meet, verbal abuse, kills, loots, snakes in Dheli, Firosha Kotla, People take home, governments, give homes, Tibet-India, political tention.

9. Connection with Books

9.1. Front Desk By Kelly Yang. It's a fiction book but it has a lot about immigration.

9.2. Brown girl dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson. It is a memoir. She migrates a lot during the series of the story she migrates from Ohio to Greenville. Then form Greenville to New York City. Each of them is for different reasons, like finding an appropriate home, getting new jobs, being treated equally, etc.

9.3. The Boy at the back of the class by Onjali Q. Raúf. It is told from the perspective of , Alexa. A boy named Ahmet comes into her class. She and her best friends decide to be his friends. He is a refugee who has escaped the war in Syria. He lost his pernats on the way and lives with his foster mom.

9.4. Inside out and back again by Thanhha Lai. This book is told from the perspective of 10-year-old ha. The author, Thanhha Lai, tries to convey her story through this book. Ha's home city, Saigon, is taken over by the North Vietnamese communists. He farther dies in the war. Ha, her three brothers and her mother board a ship to the US. She lands in Alabama.

10. Notes on the video