1. Skimming
1.1. ‘To skim’ means ‘to take a quick glance’. Skimming can be understood as the technique of speedy reading wherein the reader pays attention to the main point or essence within the passage only, so as to get a general concept of the content. In skimming, the text containing unnecessary details, stories, examples or other data is purposefully skipped.
1.1.1. For Example, When one reads the text only in order to understand the thesis statement, in one or two lines.
1.1.1.1. Skimming can save you hours of laborious reading. However, it is not always the most appropriate way to read. It is very useful as a preview to a more detailed reading or when reviewing a selection heavy in content.
1.1.1.1.1. The importance of Skimming
1.1.1.1.2. to overview your textbook chapters or to review for a test.
1.1.1.1.3. It also be used to decide if you need to read something at all, for example during the preliminary research for a paper.
1.1.1.2. Good skimmers do not skim everything at the same rate or give equal attention to everything. While skimming is always faster than your normal reading speed, you should slow down in the following situations: • When you skim introductory and concluding paragraphs • When you skim topic sentences • When you find an unfamiliar word • When the material is very complicated
1.1.1.2.1. The difference between Skimming and Scanning • Skimming can be defined as a type of reading in which the reader reads the text quickly to have an idea of the concept, subject matter, main points and gist, without paying close attention to the excessive detail. • Skimming is a quick reading method • skimming involves reading out the maximum amount of material in the minimum time. • Skimming is used to get acquainted with the text you have not read yet.
1.1.2. Skimming is achieved by reading that text only which is considered to be relevant.
1.1.3. Skimming requires a lower understanding of word recognition than compared to scanning.
2. Scanning
2.1. Scanning is reading a text quickly in order to find specific information, e.g. figures or names. It can be contrasted with skimming, which is reading quickly to get a general idea of meaning.
2.1.1. Example
2.1.2. A learner taking a reading test needs to scan a text on population rates quickly to find out if a series of statements about the population figures are true or false.
2.1.2.1. In the classroom
2.1.2.2. As the example shows, scanning is a specific reading skill which is often used in combination with others such as skimming and intensive reading. Learners need to learn different ways and understand that choosing how to read is an important step in building reading skills.
2.1.2.2.1. The difference of Scanning • scanning refers to the reading technique, in which the reader moves his eyes over the entire text in order to locate specific keywords which he/she has in his/her mind. • scanning is a selective reading method. • scanning is a method of searching out something in a fast manner. • when the reader uses scanning he/she wants to find out the specific fact, keyword or information, of his/her need. • When using scanning, the reader has the knowledge of what he/she is looking for, in the given text.
2.1.3. Scanning, too, uses keywords and organizational cues. But while the goal of skimming is a bird's-eye view of the material, the goal of scanning is to locate and swoop down on particular facts.
2.1.4. ‘To scan’ means ‘to look for something’. Scanning refers to a selective reading method generally used by the reader when he/she is in search of some specific information or text, contained in the passage, without reading the text thoroughly. Hence. when you scan some material you already know what are you looking for, you just have to spot and swoop it down.
3. extensive reading
3.1. Extensive Reading can be defined as a casual reading performed for pleasure or gaining general understanding on a topic when the students are engrossed in a book, magazine or newspaper.
3.1.1. The importance of Extensive Reading • Help the independent readers become more avid readers, better writers and lifelong readers. • Extensive reading helps to fill in the word gaps for students, so long as the text is engaging and easy. • Extensive reading provides opportunities for learners to build their background knowledge, experience new words in context and master the tools of language.
3.1.1.1. The Different of Extensive Reading
3.1.1.2. In extensive reading the reader reads multiple books, newspaper, magazines etc. to get a general understanding of the topic of their interest.
3.1.1.3. Extensive Reading is a supplementary reading which is concerned with decoding of the written material.
3.1.1.4. Extensive reading is reading for fun, entertainment and pleasure, as well as to gain a basic understanding of something.
3.1.1.5. Extensive reading involves a reading of novels, journals, newspaper and magazines.
3.1.1.6. in extensive reading, the students are free to choose the material they want to read.
3.1.1.7. Extensive reading is concerned with reading different books and other study material based on a similar concept or idea.
3.1.1.8. In extensive reading, readers are not supposed to use a dictionary, as understanding each and every word contained in the material is not vital.
3.1.2. for extensive reading, the readers look for easy, interesting and amusing books, so as to improve their reading fluency and speed as well. The text is comparatively simple, containing a few unfamiliar words.
3.1.2.1. Extensive Reading is just to encourage the habit of reading in students for pleasure and make them a voracious reader. Hence, it does not really matter as to whether the reader understands each word written in the text or not, to get the basic concept of the passage.
3.1.2.2. The individual can select the book or material of his choice, on the topic that matches their interest. Further, there is no follow-up discussion to be held in the class for what the students have learnt during their reading.
4. intensive reading
4.1. Intensive Reading is a reading method wherein learners are supposed to read the short text carefully and deeply so as to gain maximum understanding.
4.1.1. Intensive Reading can be understood as the reading method which requires intimate study of a text with the objective of getting its literary or linguistic meaning. The readers are supposed to read the text with concentration and due care, in detail, as it has certain learning aims and tasks.
4.1.1.1. The Different of intensive Reading
4.1.1.2. Intensive reading is concerned with classroom learning, wherein the student is compelled to read some text as many times as required to deeply understand the topic.
4.1.1.3. intensive reading is comprehensive in nature, as it involves comprehension of the written text.
4.1.1.4. the primary focus of intensive reading is to understand the literal meaning of the text being read.
4.1.1.5. intensive reading is all about textbook reading.
4.1.1.6. in extensive reading, the students are free to choose the material they want to read.
4.1.1.7. As the topic is chosen by the teacher in case of intensive reading, it may not be appropriate as per the student’s interest.
4.1.1.8. intensive reading involves reading the given material, again and again, to understand it in full.
4.1.1.9. in intensive reading readers have to use the dictionary, to understand the meaning of every single word which is unfamiliar to them.
4.1.2. It involves an analysis of the text by the deconstruction of the sentences and looking over each word, phrase and collocation which is not understandable with an aim of extracting the essence and meaning of the text as much as possible and learn the grammar and syntax rules.