1. STATES OF MATTER
1.1. Solid
1.1.1. Atoms are compressed together
1.1.2. Atoms don't move. Atoms vibrate.
1.1.3. Solid keeps shape and volume
1.1.3.1. Examples: Ice and pencil
1.2. liquid
1.2.1. Atoms are loosely packed together
1.2.2. Atoms move around due to there are some spaces between each other
1.2.3. Atoms have volume but not shape
1.2.3.1. Example: water or alcohol. It takes shape of a container
1.3. Gas
1.3.1. Atoms are very loosely packed together
1.3.2. There is a lot of space between atoms. They move all around.
1.3.3. Atoms don't have definite volume or shape. It takes volume and chape of container.
1.3.3.1. Examples: Water vapor and oxygen
1.4. Plasma
1.4.1. Most common state of matter. Uncommon in earth.
1.4.2. Similar to gas. Affected by hig temperature. Electrons are TURN OFF the atoms.
1.4.2.1. Effects
1.4.2.1.1. Mass + charged atoms
1.4.2.1.2. Mass - charged electrons
2. Definition: It's all around you. Takes up SPACE and has MASS
2.1. MASS: Amount of an object or a substance.
2.2. ENERGY:It is not Mass. It does not have Mass or Volume
2.2.1. Heat
2.2.2. Light
2.2.3. Electricity
2.2.4. Sounds
2.3. PROPERTIES OF THE MATTER
2.3.1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2.3.1.1. Characteristics are observed & measured. SIze and color can change without becoming another substance
2.3.1.1.1. QUALITIVATIVE
2.3.1.1.2. QUANTITATIVE
2.3.1.1.3. INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
2.3.1.2. MEASUREMENTS
2.3.1.2.1. MASS
2.3.1.2.2. Size and shape
2.3.1.2.3. DENSITY
2.3.1.2.4. TEMPERATURE
2.3.2. QUEMICAL PROPERTIES
2.3.2.1. Characteristics describe the chemical of a substance.
2.3.2.2. Ability of a substance change its identity.
2.3.2.3. Chemical properties changes thru chemical reactions. Examples: Toxicity and Reactivity
2.3.2.4. MOST IMPORTANT QUEMICAL PROPERTIES
2.3.2.4.1. 1. Reactivity 2. Corrosion (Oxidation and Tarnish) 3. Toxicity 4. Flammability 5. Combustibility 6. Radioactivity 7. pH
2.4. CHANGING MATTER
2.4.1. There are two types of changes matter can undergo: 1. Physical Change 2. Chemical Change
2.4.1.1. PHYSICAL CHANGE
2.4.1.1.1. A physical change is any change that does NOT involve a change in a substance’s chemical makeup. Therefore, no new substance is produced. • A physical change is usually reversible. • A change in an object’s size or shape is a physical change. • A phase change is a physical change.
2.4.1.2. CHEMICAL CHANGE
2.4.1.2.1. A chemical change involves a change in a substance’s physical and/or chemical properties. • A chemical change produces a new substance. • A chemical change is usually not reversible. • Burning, cooking and corrosion are types of chemical changes. These processes change the properties of a substance in order to produce a new substance.
2.4.1.3. CHEMICAL. Vs. PHYSICAL
2.4.1.3.1. There are ways to tell whether a physical or chemical change has taken place. • If a chemical change has taken place, you may observe: – A new substance produced – Light – Bubbles (gas) – A color change – A new smell – A temperature change • If you do not observe any of these things, a physical change most likely took place.
2.4.2. CONSERVATION OF THE MASS LAW
2.4.2.1. During a physical or chemical change, mass is conserved. This means that the total amount of mass does not change. • This concept states that matter can change form or be rearranged, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.
2.4.2.1.1. Examples:Examples: • When you bake a cake, a chemical change takes place. The mass of the raw ingredients will equal the mass of the cake. Matter transforms, but it is not created or destroyed. • When you crush a can, a physical change takes place. The shape of the can changes but the mass of the can stays the same. Matter changes shape, but it is not created or destroyed.
3. ATOMS: Basic building blocks of matter. Very small. Different atoms made different substances and materials found in the universe.
4. PHASE CHANGE
4.1. Matter can change from one state to another depending on the HEAT amount (+) or (-) Usually matter interchanges from SOLID - LIQUIDO- GAS
4.1.1. MELTING
4.1.1.1. Transition From Solid to liquid.
4.1.1.2. Melting Point: Temperature where solid melts to a liquid.
4.1.2. EVAPORATION
4.1.2.1. Transition from liquid to gas
4.1.2.2. Boiling Point: Temperature when adding heat to a liquid makes it evaporates to a gas.
4.1.3. FREEZING
4.1.3.1. Transition from a liquid to solid
4.1.3.2. Freezing Point: Removing heat from liquid can freeze a liquid transitioning to a solid.
4.1.4. CONDENSATION
4.1.4.1. Transition from gas to liquid
4.1.4.2. Condensation Point: Temperature at which gas condenses to liquid. Removing heat from gas can transform gas to liquid
4.2. Sometimes matter changes directly back and forth SOLID -GAS
4.2.1. SUBLIMATION
4.2.1.1. SOLID -GAS
4.2.1.1.1. Example: DRY ICE is solid carbon dioxide at room temperature is gas
4.2.2. DEPOSITION
4.2.2.1. GAS- SOLID
4.2.2.1.1. Example: WATER VAPOR becomes tiny ice crystals in cold winter mornings.
4.3. THERMAL ENERGY
4.3.1. HEAT
4.3.1.1. It is the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another generating a phase change
4.3.1.1.1. + THERMAL ENERGY
4.3.1.1.2. - THERMAL ENERGY