Frameworks of ICT Integration

1. Connectivism: The foundation of learning and understanding is a range of viewpoints. Connecting specialized nodes or knowledge sources is the process of learning. Non - human appliances may be capable of learning.

1.1. Advantage: Individuals viewpoints and differences of opinions are embraced by the approach, which supposedly eliminates any hierarchy in the usefulness of common knowledge.

1.2. Disadvantage: Teachers may find it challenging to adjust to new duties ( leadership role to a partnership role).

2. TPACK - Identifies three types of knowledge instructors need to combine for successful edtech intergration: technological, pedagogical, content knowledge.

2.1. Advantage: Using TPACK is that the model is very simple to understand as well as easy to adjust to any subject.

2.2. Disadvantage: No matter how laid out the TPACK is, not all teachers have the same pedagogical, content and technology knowledge.

3. Blooms Digital Taxonomy: Blooms is used to encourage higher order thought in learners by building up from lower-level cognitive skills.

3.1. Advantage: Blooms structure provides a solid foundation on which to build learning objectives. It also serves as a framework for developing expectations for each level of comprehension. Students can use rubrics with clear objectives at each level to determine what they have accomplished at each stage.

3.2. Disadvantage: Blooms taxonomy does not account for the meaning that knowledge confers on a learner or a group of cooperating learners. From an epistemological standpoint the role of prior knowledge is not operationalized. The concept does not include motivation which is a critical component of learning.