1. spiral metaphor: through reflection and building knowledge, deeper understandings are developed
2. Learning theories
2.1. motivational theories
2.2. personality styles
2.2.1. learning styles
2.3. developmental theories
2.4. constructivism
2.5. critical thinking
3. cognitive presence
3.1. roles and responsibilities
3.1.1. knowledge
3.1.1.1. opportunity
3.1.1.2. intelligence
3.1.1.3. involvement
3.1.1.4. connections
3.1.2. community
3.1.2.1. collaborative
3.1.3. learner
3.1.3.1. understanding
3.1.3.1.1. culture
3.1.3.1.2. diversity
3.1.3.1.3. skills & talents
3.1.3.1.4. learning styles
3.1.4. assessment
3.1.4.1. expectations
3.1.4.1.1. formative
3.1.4.1.2. summative
3.2. philosophies of e-learning
4. social presence: community
4.1. designing community
4.1.1. learning theory
4.1.2. colalboration
4.1.3. interaction
4.2. creating community
4.2.1. intentionality
4.2.2. common goals
4.2.3. clear guidelines
4.3. defining community
4.3.1. facility
4.3.2. reflection
4.4. value of community
4.4.1. comfortable environment
4.4.2. teacher presence
5. teaching presence
5.1. interaction
5.1.1. learner to content
5.1.2. learner to learner
5.1.3. learner to teacher
5.2. facilitation
5.2.1. humour
5.2.1.1. enhances learning
5.2.1.2. motivation
5.2.1.3. boundaries
5.2.1.4. engagement
5.2.1.5. relieves stress
5.2.1.6. motivation
5.2.1.7. community building
5.2.2. teams
5.2.2.1. sustaining motivation
5.2.2.1.1. shared accountablility
5.2.2.1.2. comfortable space
5.2.2.1.3. clear expectations
5.2.2.1.4. social presence
5.2.2.2. team consensus
5.2.2.3. social loafing
5.2.2.4. cyberstress
5.2.2.5. dominant presence
5.2.2.6. clear expectations
5.2.2.7. conflict
5.2.3. guidance to learners
5.2.4. tools & techniques