1. Student Centered
1.1. Discussion
1.1.1. Advantages
1.1.1.1. More interesting than sitting there listening to someone state facts.
1.1.1.2. Can challenge students to think about the topic and explain to the other students what they know.
1.1.1.3. It allows all the students to be able to share their thoughts and opinions.
1.1.1.4. Allows for new ideas to be brought up.
1.1.2. Limitations
1.1.2.1. Not all students are willing to participate.
1.1.2.2. Students don't always learn more than they know and are not challenged.
1.1.2.3. Some questions asked during a discussion may be too advanced for some students.
1.1.2.4. Discussions may not be good for every age group because of the maturity levels.
1.2. Cooperative Learning
1.2.1. Advantages
1.2.1.1. You can mix students that are different levels of learning in one group.
1.2.1.2. The groups can be informal or formal.
1.2.1.3. Multiple learning opportunities can be created.
1.2.1.4. Can be used in all content areas.
1.2.2. Limitations
1.2.2.1. Groups need to be kept small.
1.2.2.2. If you use cooperative learning too often it can become ineffective.
1.2.2.3. If you group students who are at the same level you will not enhance the learning experience. It is hard to find students who are all at different levels.
1.3. Games
1.3.1. Advantages
1.3.1.1. Students engage quickly.
1.3.1.2. Students can adapt to match learning outcomes.
1.3.1.3. Can be used for a class activities or for individual activities.
1.3.1.4. Gain the attention of the students by being colorful, interactive, and competitive.
1.3.2. Limitations
1.3.2.1. Games can become very competetive
1.3.2.2. Some games may not be at the level of some students.
1.3.2.3. Games can be expensive.
1.3.2.4. The learning outcomes may be lost because the student is more focused on winning the game.
1.4. Simulations
1.4.1. Advantages
1.4.1.1. Safe way to learn.
1.4.1.2. Students can actually engage in the situation.
1.4.1.3. Offers hands-on experience.
1.4.1.4. Students with all different ability levels can be included.
1.4.2. Limitations
1.4.2.1. May not truly represent the actual event like a video would.
1.4.2.2. Might be too complex for some students.
1.4.2.3. May require a lot of time to complete.
1.5. Discovery
1.5.1. Advantages
1.5.1.1. Engages students at all levels.
1.5.1.2. Can use previous procedures that have been taught.
1.5.1.3. The students have freedom in their learning.
1.5.2. Limitations
1.5.2.1. Can be very time consuming.
1.5.2.2. Requires the teachers to think through the whole process because the preparation is critical.
1.5.2.3. Can lead to misunderstanding about the content.
1.6. Problem-Solving
1.6.1. Advantages
1.6.1.1. Students are put into real-world learning experiences.
1.6.1.2. The relationship between knowledge and skill is shown.
1.6.1.3. Has different levels of complexity.
1.6.2. Limitations
1.6.2.1. Creating problems for learning can be difficult.
1.6.2.2. The age and experience of the students will have to be comtrolled more by the teacher.
1.6.2.3. Creating and using problem solving lessons can be very time-consuming.
2. Teacher Centered
2.1. Presentation
2.1.1. Advantages
2.1.1.1. Only have to present the information once.
2.1.1.2. Student's will learn more note-taking strategies.
2.1.1.3. Student't can present information to the class.
2.1.1.4. You can use many different resources to find information.
2.1.2. Limitations
2.1.2.1. Student's each learn differently and it may depend on how you present the material if the student understands or not.
2.1.2.2. Presentations can be very boring because there is no interaction.
2.1.2.3. Some students do not know how to take notes from watching a presentation.
2.1.2.4. Some students may not be mature enough to sit through a long presentation.
2.2. Demonstration
2.2.1. Advantages
2.2.1.1. You can show your students how to do something before they do it.
2.2.1.2. The teacher is allowed to guide the students during a demonstration.
2.2.1.3. The teacher will be handling the materials, so you will not have a huge number of supplies
2.2.1.4. The teacher can control the demonstrations which keeps the students safe from any danger.
2.2.2. Limitations
2.2.2.1. Students do not get to be hands-on because they are normally just watching the teacher.
2.2.2.2. Some students may not have a great view of the demonstrations.
2.2.2.3. Teachers may have a too fast of pace during the demonstration for the students to be able to follow along.
2.3. Drill-And-Practice
2.3.1. Advantages
2.3.1.1. Students will get feedback from the teacher.
2.3.1.2. The information given is given in small amounts, which allows the students to learn small parts at a time.
2.3.1.3. Practice is built into the small sections that are taught.
2.3.2. Limitations
2.3.2.1. Can be very repetitive.
2.3.2.2. Some drill and practice materials contain a lot of information and that can lead to boredom.
2.3.2.3. If the students is making the same mistake over and over again drill and practice will not be a good solution.
2.4. Tutorials
2.4.1. Advantages
2.4.1.1. Students can work independently and receive feedback.
2.4.1.2. Students can work at their own pace.
2.4.1.3. Tutorials focus on each student individually.
2.4.2. Limitations
2.4.2.1. Can be repetitive and boring for the students.
2.4.2.2. Some students will find tutorials frustrating when they aren't making progress.
2.4.2.3. Teachers do not guide the students.