1. STEM CELLS
1.1. DIFFERENTIATION: CELL CHANGES FROM ONE TYPE TO A MORE SPECIALISED TYPE.
1.2. TWO TYPES
1.2.1. EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS: DIFFERENTIATION IS UNLIMITED
1.2.2. ADULT STEM CELLS: DIFFERENTIATION IS LIMITED
2. GENES AND ALLELES
2.1. GENES: PART OF DNA PROTEIN CODING
2.2. ALLELES: SPECIFIC FORM OF A GENE
2.2.1. DOMINATING
2.2.2. CODOMINANCE
2.2.3. RECESSIVE
2.3. GENE BREEDING
2.3.1. PURE: HOMOZYGOUS (EXISTENCE OF TWO IDENTICAL ALLELES)
2.3.2. IMPURE: HETEROZYGOUS (EXISTENCE OF TWO UNIDENTICAL ALLELES)
3. SEX LINEAGE
3.1. X CHROMOSOME: LARGER WITH MORE GENES
3.2. Y CHROMOSOME: SMALLER AND SMALLER
3.3. X AND Y PAIRINGS
3.3.1. NON HOMOLOGOUS: CHROMOSOMES THAT DON'T BELONG AS A PAIR (CELLS REGARDING CELLS ARE FOUND IN NON-HOMOLOGOUS SECTIONS OF X AND Y CHROMOSOMES)
3.3.2. HOMOLOGOUS: CHROMOSOMES WITH IDENTICAL GENE SEQUENCE (E.G. *NOT* X AND Y CHROMOSOMES)
4. CHROMOSOMES
4.1. DNA (LONG THREADS WITHIN CHROMOSOME THAT CARRIES INSTRUCTIONS REGARDING PROTEIN PRODUCTION)
4.1.1. GENETIC CODE
4.1.1.1. DNA HAS 4 TYPES OF BASE (A, C, T, G); PROTEINS HAVE 20 AMINO ACIDS. A CERTAIN BASE COMBO WILL CREATE A CERTAIN AMINO ACID.
4.1.2. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
4.1.2.1. HAPPENS IN RIBOSOME (CYTOPLASM). RNA (RIBONUCLEIC ACID) CARRIES INFORMATION FROM DNA TO RIBOSOME.
4.2. TWO TYPES:
4.2.1. HAPLOID (SINGULAR CHROMOSOME SET)
4.2.2. DIPLOID (PAIR OF CHROMOSOME SETS)