Chapter 7: Adult Language Disorders and Cognitive-Based Dysfunction

1. Conduction Aphasia

1.1. results from injury to the temporal-parietal area of the brain

1.2. fluency and motor output

1.3. Language Comprehension

1.4. Repetition

1.5. Naming

1.6. Reading and Writing

2. Wernicke's Aphasia

2.1. Language Comprehension

2.2. Fluency and Motor Output

2.3. Repetition

2.4. Naming

2.5. Reading and Writing

3. Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

3.1. classical symptoms of Wernicke's except with stellar repetition skills

4. Global Aphasia

4.1. deficits across all language modalities

5. Transcortical Motor Aphasia

5.1. slow and labored output on their own but perform reasonably on repetitive tasks

6. Broca's Aphasia

6.1. nonfluent, expressive, motor aphasia profile

6.2. Fluency and Motor Output

6.3. Language Comprehension

6.4. Repetition

6.5. Naming

6.6. Reading and Writing

7. Defining Characteristics of Aphasia Syndromes

7.1. Anomic Aphasia

7.1.1. not identified with specific area of brain or site of a lesion

8. How is Aphasia Classified?

8.1. classification system for aphasia is known as taxonomy, it draws upon those characteristics of aphasia that most differentiates disorders from one another and is similar to the way we might classify automobiles

8.2. based on the "locus of the lesion" and the set of behavioral characteristics

8.3. based on the language skills, both strengths and weaknesses that characterize the aphasia

8.4. behavioral symptoms

8.5. fluency

8.6. motor output

8.7. language comprehension

8.8. repetition

8.9. naming

8.10. reading and writing

9. What is Aphasia?

9.1. - a language disorder that is acquired sometime after an individual has developed language competence

9.2. - results from injury to the language functions of the brain

9.3. - literally means "absence of language" or "without language"

9.4. - disturbance in the language system after language has been established or learned; results from neurological injury to the language-dominant hemisphere of the brain; includes disturbances of receptive or expressive abilities for spoken and written language

10. How Aphasia is Identified and Treated

10.1. Assessment Process

10.2. Prognostic Indicators

10.3. Designing Treatment Plans

10.4. Working with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Clients

10.5. Determining the Treatment Setting

10.6. Measuring Outcomes

11. Right Brain Hemisphere Dysfunction

11.1. also known as cognitive language disorder; may cause a language disorder, cognitive, perceptual and behavioral interruptions; determined by a comprehensive speech-language assessment, a comprehensive neuropsychological testing can also be beneficial; therapy targets higher level cognitive-linguistic task

12. Traumatic Brain Injury

12.1. neurological damage to the brain resulting from impact of external forces; open or closed head injuries; identification relies on subjective, behavioral observations; Glascow Coma Scale; treatment depends on the Rancho Scale and therapists must be flexible with each individual case

13. Dementia

13.1. chronic and progressive decline in memory, cognition, language, and personality resulting from central nervous system dysfunction; must have a gradual onset with progressive functional decline over time; characteristics depend on how far the disease has progressed; researchers are continuously developing more pharmological treatment to combat degenerative changes associated with dementia