1. NATO response: Sanctions
1.1. Chappell, B., Sullivan, B., & Granitz, P. (2022, February 23). Allies join U.S. in imposing sanctions pressure on Russia over Ukraine. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/02/22/1082308773/biden-russia-ukraine-updates
1.2. McCausland, P. (2022, February 24). Russia sanctions are a ‘bi deal,’ experts say. But effects could take years. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/russia-sanctions-are-big-deal-experts-say-effects-take-years-rcna17380
1.3. Subramanian, C., Collins, M., Morin, R., Garrison, J., & Groppe, M. (2022, February 24). Biden warns Russia, adds sanctions for Ukraine invasion: Live updates. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-invasion/6920609001/
1.4. Boak, J., Hussein, F., & Sweet, K. (2022, February 25). Biden, Europe waiting on key SWIFT sanction against Russia. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/what-is-swift-russia-financial-system-083a5935002c9d06ffd6ac39c13d3ce4
1.5. Talmazan, Y., & Shabad, R. (2022, February 22). Kyiv braces for conflict, West sanctions Russia after Putin orders troops into eastern Ukraine. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/ukraine-conflict-west-sanctions-russia-putin-orders-troops-rcna17131
2. NATO response: Troops
2.1. Chappell, B., Sullivan, B., & Granitz, P. (2022, February 23) Allies join U.S. in sanctions pressure on Russia over Ukraine. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/02/22/1082308773/biden-russia-ukraine-updates
2.2. Sullivan, B. (2022, February 5). Newly deployed U.S. troops arrive in Europe as Russia bolsters its own forces. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/02/05/1078499097/ukraine-russia-us-troops-arrive
3. President Zelenskyy
3.1. Smith, A. (2022, February 25). Kyiv prepares for battle as Russia advance reaches Ukraine’s capital. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/russia-ukraine-invasion-kyiv-attack-putin-advance-zelenskyy-rcna17660
3.2. Karmanau, Y., Heintz, J., & Litinova, D. (2022, February 28). Russia forces shell Ukraine’s No. 2 city and menace Kyiv. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-016cc6cbc65ae95286d825a4ebebd1c5
3.3. Hopkins, V., Troianovski, A., & Erlanger, S. (2022, February 27). Ukraine Agrees to Talks With Russia, but Fighting Still Rages—The New York Times. New York TImes. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/world/europe/ukraine-war-russia.html
4. Refugees fleeing from Ukraine
4.1. Cease fires
4.2. Where are they going?
4.2.1. Syal, R., & O’Carroll, L. (2022, March 8). Where in Europe ar Ukraine’s refugees going? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/08/where-in-europe-are-ukraines-refugees-going
4.2.2. Sullivan, B., & Granitz, P. (2022, February 24). How Russia’s invasio of Ukraine could impact you. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/02/16/1081185004/russia-ukraine-invasion-us-impact
4.3. How will they be helped?
4.4. Who can help them?
4.5. United States's role in the crisis
5. Vladimir Putin
5.1. Brumfiel, G. (2022, March 1). As Russia’s Ukraine war intensifies some warn nuclear escalation is possible. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/03/01/1083696555/russia-ukraine-war-putin-nuclear-escalation-risk
5.2. Sanger, D. E. (2022, February 20). Blitzkrieg or Minor Incursion Putin’s Choice Could Determine World Reaction. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/20/us/politics/putin-ukraine-strategy.html
5.3. Roth, A. (2022, February 22). Is Russia invading Ukraine and wha will happen next? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/22/is-russia-invading-ukraine-what-next
5.4. Troianovski, A. (2022, February 22). Piece by Piece, Russia’s Rational for a Ukraine Invasion Is Put in Place. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/world/europe/putin-invading-ukraine.html
5.5. Karmanau, Y., Heintz, J., Isachenkov, V., & Litinova, D. (2022 February 27). Putin puts nuclea forces on high alert, escalating tensions. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-business-europe-moscow-2e4e1cf784f22b6afbe5a2f936725550
5.6. Hopkins, V., Troianovski, A., & Erlanger, S. (2022, February 27). Ukraine Agrees to Talks With Russia, but Fighting Still Rages—The New York Times. New York TImes. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/world/europe/ukraine-war-russia.html
5.7. Hadjicostis, M. (2022, February 25). Ukraine invasion: What to know a Russian forces target Kyiv. A NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-volodymyr-zelenskyy-vladimir-putin-boris-johnson-joe-biden-5a433ebe7f9cbc9f299b3795de895147
6. Nuclear Threats
6.1. Brumfiel, G. (2022, March 1). As Russia’s Ukraine war intensifies some warn nuclear escalation is possible. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/03/01/1083696555/russia-ukraine-war-putin-nuclear-escalation-risk
6.2. Karmanau, Y., Heintz, J., Isachenkov, V., & Litinova, D. (2022 February 27). Putin puts nuclea forces on high alert, escalating tensions. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-business-europe-moscow-2e4e1cf784f22b6afbe5a2f936725550
6.3. Hopkins, V., Troianovski, A., & Erlanger, S. (2022, February 27) Ukraine Agrees to Talks With Russia, but Fighting Still Rages—The New York Times. New York TImes. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/world/europe/ukraine-war-russia.html
7. Crimea annexation
7.1. Kiryukhin, D. (2016). Russia and Ukraine: The clash of conservative projects. European Politics & Society, 17(4), 438–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2016.1154130
8. Ukraine Invasion
8.1. Troianovski, A. (2022, February 22). Piece by Piece, Russia’s Rational for a Ukraine Invasion Is Put in Place. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/world/europe/putin-invading-ukraine.html
8.2. Karmanau, Y., Heintz, J., & Litinova, D. (2022, February 28). Russian forces shell Ukraine’s No. 2 city an menace Kyiv. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-016cc6cbc65ae95286d825a4ebebd1c5
8.3. Hadjicostis, M. (2022, February 25). Ukraine invasion: What to know as Russian forces target Kyiv. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-volodymyr-zelenskyy-vladimir-putin-boris-johnson-joe-biden-5a433ebe7f9cbc9f299b3795de895147
9. Global Economy
9.1. Food
9.1.1. Corn
9.1.1.1. Corn products will increase in price
9.1.1.1.1. Hauk, W. (2022, February 24). Here’s how Russia’s invasion of Ukraine could worsen everyday costs in the U.S. PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/heres-how-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-could-worsen-everyday-costs-in-the-u-s
9.1.2. Wheat
9.1.2.1. Wheat products will increase in price
9.1.2.1.1. Sullivan, B., & Granitz, P. (2022, February 24). How Russia’s invasio of Ukraine could impact you. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/02/16/1081185004/russia-ukraine-invasion-us-impact
9.2. Oil
9.2.1. Russian supply role
9.2.1.1. One of the three largest oil producers in the world. Accounts for 10% of all oil produced
9.2.1.1.1. Hauk, W. (2022, February 24). Here’s how Russia’s invasion of Ukraine could worsen everyday costs in the U.S. PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/heres-how-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-could-worsen-everyday-costs-in-the-u-s
9.2.1.1.2. Sullivan, B., & Granitz, P. (2022, February 24). How Russia’s invasion of Ukraine could impact you. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/02/16/1081185004/russia-ukraine-invasion-us-impact
9.2.1.1.3. Goodman, J. (2022, March 4). Russia’s invasion of Ukraine leave global trade in tatters. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-middle-east-global-trade-12ba42660a05c0b3ff533aec4e73bbac
9.2.2. Increasing prices
9.2.2.1. Gas prices and diesel prices
9.2.2.1.1. Lynch, D. (2022, March 5). Russia’s Ukraine invasion could be a globa economic ‘game changer’—The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/03/05/global-economy-russia-ukraine/
9.2.2.1.2. Business, M. E., CNN. (2022, March 9). The world may be facin one of the largest energy shocks ever, Goldman Sachs says. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/09/business/russia-gas-prices-oil/index.html
9.2.3. Who can step up demand?
9.2.3.1. Middle east countries, USA, Venezuela
9.2.3.1.1. Krauss, C. (2022, March 9). Loss of Russian Oil Leaves a Void No Easily Filled, Straining Market. Th New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/09/business/energy-environment/russia-oil-global-economy.html
9.3. Gas
9.3.1. Nord 2
9.3.1.1. What no pipeline means for Germany
9.3.2. Russia's supply role
9.3.2.1. Europe is very reliant on Russia for natural gas to heat homes
9.4. Heavy stakeholders for this issue:
9.4.1. USA, Russia, Ukraine, Middle East, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Venezuela,