History and Philosophy of Psychology

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History and Philosophy of Psychology by Mind Map: History and Philosophy of Psychology

1. Evaluation and Individual Differences

1.1. Lamark 1744-1829

1.2. Herbert Spencer 1820-1903

1.3. Darwin 1809-1882

1.4. Sir Francis Galton 1822-1911

1.4.1. Eugenics

1.5. James Cattell

1.6. Alfred Binet

1.7. William Stern

1.8. Spearman

1.9. Lewis Terman

1.10. David Weschler

2. Approaches to Science

2.1. Traditional view

2.1.1. Empirical observations

2.1.2. Theory formulation

2.1.3. Prediction and control

2.1.4. Search for lawful relationships

2.1.5. Assumptions of determinism

2.2. Karl Popper (1902-1994)

2.2.1. Science starts with recognition of a problem

2.2.2. falsifiability

2.2.3. Theories mush make risky predictions

2.2.4. postdiction:

2.3. Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996)

2.3.1. paradigm

2.3.2. puzzle solving

2.3.3. paradigm change

2.3.3.1. stages of scientific development

2.3.3.1.1. preparadigmatic stage

2.3.3.1.2. paradigmatic stage

2.3.3.1.3. revolutionary stage

3. Human Nature

3.1. Determinism

3.1.1. biological determinism

3.1.2. Environmental determinism

3.1.2.1. Nondeterminism (Free will)

3.1.3. Sociocultural determinism

3.2. Nativism

3.2.1. empricism

3.3. rationalism

3.3.1. irrationalism

3.4. universalism

3.4.1. relativism

4. Middle Ages 5th 15th Century

4.1. Skepticism

4.2. Cynicism

4.3. Epicureanism

4.4. Philosphy in Rome

4.4.1. Stoicism

4.4.2. Neoplatonism

4.5. The Dark Ages

4.6. Scholasticism

5. Renaissance 14th to 17th Century

5.1. Renaissance Humanism

5.1.1. Individualism

5.1.2. Personal religion

5.1.3. Interest in early Greek

5.1.4. Anti-Aristotelianism

5.2. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo

5.3. Isaac Newton

5.4. Francis Bacon

5.5. Rene Descartes

6. British Empiricism

6.1. Thomas Hobbs

6.2. John Locke

6.3. George Berkeley

6.4. David Hume

6.5. David Hartley

6.6. James Mills

6.7. John Stuart Mill

6.8. Alexander Bain

7. Positivism

7.1. Auguste Comte

7.2. Ernst Mach

8. Rationalism

8.1. Spinoza

8.2. Leibniz

8.3. Thomas Reid

8.4. Immanuel Kant

8.5. Hegel

8.6. Herbart

9. Romanticism

9.1. Rousseau

9.2. Goethe

9.3. Schopenhauer

10. Existentialism

10.1. Kierkegaard

10.2. Nietzche

11. Approaches to writing history of psychology

11.1. Precentism

11.2. Historicism

11.3. Zeitgeist

11.4. Great-person

11.5. Historical development

11.6. Eclectic

12. Ancient Greece

12.1. Ancient world

12.1.1. animism

12.1.2. Anthropomorphism

12.1.3. Magic

12.2. First Philosophers

12.2.1. Thales

12.2.2. Zeno

12.2.3. Phytogoras

12.2.4. Democritus

12.3. Early Greek Meidicine

12.3.1. Hippocrates

12.3.2. Alcmeon

12.3.3. Galen

12.4. Sophist-The relativity of truth

12.4.1. Protogoras

12.4.2. Gorgias

12.4.3. Xenophanes

12.5. Socrates

12.6. Plato

12.7. Aristotle

13. Muslim Scholars 7th-14th Century

13.1. At-Tabari 838-870

13.1.1. Child development

13.1.2. Firdaus al-Hikmah

13.1.3. Need for psychotherapy

13.1.4. Connections between psychology and medicine

13.2. Al-Balkhi 850-934

13.2.1. Differentiated neuroses and psychoses

13.2.2. Classified neurotic disorders

13.2.3. Psychosomatic disorders

13.3. Al-Razi 864-932

13.3.1. promoted psychotherapy

13.3.2. He was master of prognosis, psychosomatic medicine and anatomy

13.3.3. Wrote on measuring intelligence

13.4. Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 980-1037

13.4.1. wrote on mind-body relationship, sensation, perception

13.4.2. called melancholia a mood disorder

13.4.3. five external and internal senses

13.4.4. used psychological methods to treat patients

13.5. Alhzen 965-1040

13.5.1. physics, astronomy, mathematics, ophthalmology, philosophy, visual perception and scientific method

13.5.2. Books of optics

13.5.2.1. argued that vision ocurred in the brain rather than the eyes.

13.6. Ibn Rush (Averroes) 1126-1198

13.6.1. not only sensation but imagination should also be used to detach sufficiently from the sense data for objectivity

13.6.2. discovered that the retina, not the lens, is the light sensitive part of the eye

13.6.3. Hierarchy of learning

13.7. Al-Ghazali

13.7.1. Islamized Greek thought

13.7.2. Famous Books

13.7.2.1. Ihya Ulum ad Din (Revival of the Religious Sciences

13.7.2.2. Al Munkid min ad-Dala (the Savior from Error

13.7.2.3. Ya Ayyuhal Walad (O Young Man

13.7.2.4. Kimya as-Saadah (Alchemy of Happines

13.7.3. Description of Human Nature

13.7.3.1. Qalb

13.7.3.2. Ruh

13.7.3.3. Nafs

13.7.3.4. Aql

13.8. Al Razi 1149-1209

13.8.1. Human soul

13.8.2. Kitab al Nafs Wa'l Ruh (Book of self and soul

13.9. Ibn Arabi 1164-1240

13.9.1. wrote on body and soul, perception, nature of desire, imagination and desires

14. Origin of Human Knowledge

14.1. Epistemology

14.2. Radical empricism

15. Schools of Psychology

15.1. Voluntarism

15.1.1. Wundt

15.2. Structuralism

15.2.1. Titchener 1867-1927

15.3. Functionalism

15.3.1. William james 1842-1910

15.3.1.1. conciousness

15.3.1.2. components of self

15.3.1.3. theory of emotion

15.3.2. Müstenberg 1863-1916

15.3.2.1. applied psychology

15.3.2.2. forensic pychology

15.3.2.3. Industrial psychology

15.3.2.4. Clinical psychology

15.3.2.4.1. reciprocal antagonism

15.3.3. Marry Calkins 1863-1930

15.3.3.1. self psychology

15.3.4. Stanley Hall 1844-1924

15.3.4.1. Developmental psychology

15.3.4.1.1. recapitulation theory

15.3.5. Thorndike 1874-1949

15.3.5.1. Puzzle box

15.4. Early German Pscyhology

15.4.1. Brentano 1838-1917

15.4.1.1. Act Psychology

15.4.2. Stumpf 1848-1936

15.4.2.1. Phenomenology

15.4.3. Husserl 1859-1938

15.4.3.1. Pure phenomenology

15.4.4. Kulpe 1862-1915

15.4.4.1. mental set

15.4.5. Ebbinghaus 1850-1909

15.4.5.1. memory

15.4.6. Muller 1850-1934

15.5. Behaviorism

15.5.1. Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936

15.5.1.1. Classical Conditioning

15.5.2. Watson 1878-1958

15.5.2.1. Little Albert Experiment

15.5.3. McDougal 1871-1938

15.5.4. Neobehaviorism

15.5.4.1. Guthrie 1886-1959

15.5.4.1.1. One trial learning

15.5.4.2. Leonard Hall 1884-1952

15.5.4.3. Skinner 1904-1990

15.5.4.3.1. Operant Behavior

15.5.4.4. Tolman 1886-1959

15.5.4.4.1. Latent learning

15.6. Psychonalysis

15.6.1. Freud 1856-1939

15.6.2. Jung 1875-1961

15.6.2.1. personal and collective unconscious

15.6.3. Adler 1870-1937

15.6.3.1. inferiority and compensation

15.6.4. Anna Freud 1895-1982

15.6.4.1. defence mechanism

15.6.5. Melanie Klein 1882-1960

15.7. Gestalt Psychology

15.7.1. Wertheimer

15.7.1.1. Phi Phenomenon

15.7.2. Wolfrang Kohler 1887-1967

15.7.2.1. Mentality of apes

15.8. Psychobioloogy

15.8.1. Karl Lashley

15.8.2. Donald Hebb

15.8.3. Ethology

15.9. Existentialist Psychology

15.9.1. Rollo May 1909-1994

15.9.1.1. personal growth

15.9.2. Binswanger 1881-1966

15.9.2.1. Daseinanalysis

15.9.3. George Kelly 1905-1967

15.9.3.1. Constructive alternativism

15.9.3.2. fixed role therapy

15.9.4. Victor Frankl 1905-1997

15.9.4.1. Logotherapy

15.10. Humanistic Psychology

15.11. Cognitive Psychology

15.11.1. Miller 1920-

15.11.1.1. 7+-2

16. Physiology and Psychophysics 17th 18th Centuries

16.1. Reaction time studies

16.2. Bell-Magandie Law

16.3. Herman von Helmholz

16.4. Pierre flourens

16.5. Paul Broca

16.6. Carl Wernicke

16.7. Ernst Weber

16.8. Gustaw Fechner