1. external
1.1. appendages
1.1.1. flagellum/flagella
1.1.1.1. motility
1.1.1.1.1. directed movement
1.1.1.2. attachment/penetration of host cell (some bacteria)
1.1.2. fimbria/fimbriae
1.1.2.1. attachment
1.1.3. pilus/pili
1.1.3.1. attachment
1.1.3.2. sex pilus (some bacteria)
1.1.3.2.1. transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another
1.2. surface layers
1.2.1. glycocalyx (majority of cells)
1.2.1.1. capsule or slime layer (some cells)
1.2.1.1.1. protection against phagocytosis by phagocytic WBCs
1.2.1.1.2. attachment
1.2.2. S layer
2. cell envelope
2.1. cell wall
2.1.1. Gram-Negative
2.1.1.1. lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in outer membrane
2.1.1.1.1. endotoxin
2.1.2. Acid-Fast
2.1.2.1. Mycobacterium
2.1.2.1.1. mycolic acid (waxy substance)
2.2. cell/plasma membrane
3. internal
3.1. DNA plasmids
3.1.1. often carry genes for antibiotic resistance
3.2. endospores
3.2.1. only in certain genera
3.2.1.1. Clostridium
3.2.1.2. Bacillus
3.2.1.3. Sporosarcina
3.3. particular proteins secreted to outside cell
3.3.1. exotoxins
3.3.1.1. made inside of cell
3.3.1.1.1. secreted outside of the cell
3.3.2. exoenzymes
3.3.2.1. made inside of cell
3.3.2.1.1. secreted outside of the cell