1. Health and safety
1.1. Problem
1.1.1. Not know if food was contaminated food or if the medicine was safe
1.1.2. Lack of health care
1.2. Reformers
1.2.1. Upton Sinclair wrote a novel called The Jungle exposing the lack of safety and sanitation for workers in the Meatpacking industry. His book brought attention to the lack of safety for employees in meat packing plants and made Americans wonder what was going into the meat they were eating.
1.2.2. Alice Hamilton was a doctor who helped factory workers. She noticed many workers who were getting weak and sometimes even dying because of lead poisoning. She worked to teach factory owners how to make their factories safer and keep
1.2.3. Lillian Wald was a nurse who had the idea of sending nurses to people who were too sick or poor to go to a hospital.
1.3. Solution
1.3.1. A visiting nurse program in New York City so that many nurses could help sick people at home. Wald also had the idea that there should be nurses in schools to help sick children. Other people liked Wald's idea and soon there were nurses in New York's schools.
1.3.2. The Pure Food and Drug Act. These regulations banned the sale of impure foods and medicines.
2. Woerkers rights
2.1. Problem
2.1.1. Low wages- After the Civil War, more and more Americans became factory workers in cities. Some had been poor farmers. Many factory workers were immigrants. Factory workers were usually paid very low
2.1.2. Long work days- in unsafe and unsanitary conditions. Most factory workers could not make enough money to support their families so their children had to work in factories too instead of going to school.
2.2. Reformers
2.2.1. Samuel Gompers was a famous union leader. He was a Jewish immigrant from England. He started working in a factory when he was 13 years old because his family was so poor. Later he became the leader of the union in his factory. He felt workers all over the United States needed unions and felt new laws were needed to help working people. He fought for laws that would limit the work day to eight hours. In 1886 Gompers helped start the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
2.2.2. The workers- Factory workers decided to help themselves. They started Labor Unions to work together to make their jobs better. The Unions could ask for better pay, shorter work days, or safer working conditions and if the employer said no,the union members would stop working until they got what they wanted. This new method of striking was effective. Employers did not like strikes.
2.3. Solution
2.3.1. Strikes
2.3.2. The american federation of labor
3. Suffrage
3.1. Problem
3.1.1. Right to vote Since before the Civil War, Many women Progressives were active in the struggle for woman suffrage- or the right to vote. American women fought longer for the right to vote than they did for any other reform.
3.2. Reformers
3.2.1. Susan B anthony- became the NAWSA president. Together they first focused on getting each state to allow its women to vote.
3.2.2. Elizabeth cady- Helped create the NAWSA
3.3. Solutions
3.3.1. 19th Amendment, which gave women full voting rights. National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Helped women earn the right to vote.
4. Prohibition
4.1. Problem
4.1.1. Alcoholism The idea of banning alcohol in the United States began back in the 1830's. Many people believed Alcoholism was connected to insanity and violence and led to poverty.
4.1.2. Immorality- in society like gambling and the destruction of families.
4.2. Reformers
4.2.1. Mary Hunt and the Women's Christian Temperance Union felt that Prohibition would promote morality and better health.
4.2.2. Carrie Nation went as far as taking a hatchet to saloons as she preached the evils of alcohol.
4.3. Solutions
4.3.1. 18th amendment- It banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the United States. Saloons were forced to close their doors.
4.4. Unintended consequences
4.4.1. Speakeasies- They resented government interference and people who wanted Alcohol found endless ways to get it. Illegal nightclubs known as Speakeasies
4.4.2. Bootlegers- made money by transporting and selling liquor illegally. Many people simply brewed their own homemade liquor.
4.4.3. organized crime. In nearly every major city, criminal gangs battled for control of bootlegging operations.
4.5. Solutions
4.5.1. 21st amendment- repealed Prohibition, but unfortunately, the organized crime that it had created did not end with it. Prohibition is an example of good intentions to help Americans resulting in unintended negative and even dangerous consequences.
5. Poverty
5.1. Problem
5.1.1. Crowded tenements- Were Buildings were run down and almost always overcrowded. The families that I lived here and had few places to turn to for help. Most of the time the tenements living here were were poorly designed, unsafe, and lacked clean running water, electricity, and sanitation.
5.1.2. Urban Slums- Entire neighborhoods of multiple tenement buildings
5.2. Reformers
5.2.1. Jacob A Riis- Was a photographer whos photos of the slums shocked American Society
5.2.2. Jane Addams-Helped people in a Chicago Neighborhood of immigrants. She and a friend bought a house to provide services for poor people this would later on be called the hull house
5.3. Solutions
5.3.1. Settlement housing- Established in urban areas and it offered opportunity such as English classes, Child care, and work training to community residents.
6. Corruption
6.1. Problem
6.1.1. Political Machines- Were organizations that influenced votes and controlled local government Politicians would break rules to win elections. Political Machine bosses gave bribes of jobs in power or money to people who supported their agendas.
6.1.2. Tammy Hall- Was in New York City and was controlled by "Boss" William M. Tweed. Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed stole enormous amounts of money from the city. But some Political Machines worked to do good in communities like help immigrants get settled and found jobs
6.2. Reformers
6.2.1. Robert M. LA Follette- He was the first one to establish a direct primary.
6.3. Solutions
6.3.1. Direct Primary-where voters choose candidates for the parties to run in elections.
7. Child Labor
7.1. Problem
7.1.1. By 1915 almost 2 million children were working in mines and factories. They were getting paid very little and they were working long hours. They had to work with very dangerous machines and equipment. Reformers-
7.2. Reformers
7.2.1. Lewis Hine- was a famous photographer who wanted to help child get out of child labor. So he went into the mines and factories where the children worked and took photos of all the poor children who worked in these terrible mines and factories.
7.3. Solutions
7.3.1. The national child labor committee-was formed in 1904. This organization was dedicated to ending all child labor. Members worked to expose working conditions of young workers, get support for state-level child labor laws and helpe create the Compulsory Education which werelaws that required kids to attend school and keep young children from having to work dangerous job
8. Racism
8.1. Problem
8.1.1. Jim Crow laws- were meant to enforce segregation, or separation of whites and blacks in public places. Separate schools, trolley seats, restrooms, and waiting rooms were common throughout the south.
8.2. Reformers
8.2.1. Ida B wells- was an African American journalist who worked to fight against black lynchings in the south. She, along with many African Americans, had to flee north to escape violence and threats based on her skin color.
8.2.2. W.E.B. DU Bois- Helped start an organization called National Association for the Advancement of Colored People or the N.A.A.C.P. This group worked hard to end discrimination against African Americans in the United States. The N.A.A.C.P. is still working today to fight racial discrimination.
8.2.3. Booker T. Washington was an early leader in the effort to achieve equality. He had been born into slavery but became a teacher after the Civil War ended. In 1881, he founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. This school helped African Americans learn trades and gain economic strength.
8.3. Soulutions
8.3.1. Tuskegee Institute- This school helped African Americans learn trades and gain economic strength.
8.3.2. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People or the N.A.A.C.P.- This group worked hard to end discrimination against African Americans in the United States.
9. Conservation
9.1. Problem
9.1.1. Loss of natural resources- due to all the people cutting down trees it causes major habitat loss for millions of species.
9.2. Reformers
9.2.1. Theodore Roosevelt was a strong crusader for conservation- controlling how America's natural resources were used. As an outdoorsman and hunter, Roosevelt Had seen a gradual reduction
9.2.2. John Muir for 4 days John stayed in Yosemite, California. He loved Yosemite Valley so much he decided to preserve Yosemite and other areas for people's children and grandchildren to enjoy. He preserved more than 200 million acres of public lands
9.3. Solutions
9.3.1. Wildlife refuge- National Wildlife Refuge System is a designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants
9.3.2. When Congress Refused to establish more parks, Roosevelt used the Antiquities Act to create national monuments instead. In this way, he preserved the Grand Canyon and Petrified Forest in Arizona until Congress later made them National Parks.