1. Section 5
1.1. Lesson 1
1.1.1. Qualitative Characteristics
1.1.2. Quantitative Characteristics
1.1.3. Mass
1.1.4. Weight
1.1.5. Volume
1.1.6. Density
1.1.7. Chemical Properties
1.1.8. Flammability
1.1.9. Oxidation
1.1.10. Reactivity
1.1.11. Solubility
1.2. Lesson 2
1.2.1. Chemical Reactions
1.2.2. Chemical Equations
1.2.3. Products
1.2.4. Reactants
1.2.5. Coefficients
1.2.6. Antoine Lavoisier
1.2.7. Law of conservation of mass
1.2.8. Atomic Mass
1.3. Lesson 3
1.3.1. Chemical Potient Energy
1.3.2. Endothermic
1.3.3. Exothermic Reaction
1.3.4. Concentration in reactions
1.3.5. Law of conversation of energy
1.4. Lesson 4
1.4.1. Convergent Boundary
1.4.1.1. Two plate collide
1.4.2. Divergent Boundary
1.4.2.1. Two plates seperate
1.4.3. Transform Boundary
1.4.3.1. Two plates sliding past eachother
1.4.4. Volcanoes
1.4.4.1. Vent in the Earth's crust which molten rock flows
1.4.5. Earthquake
1.4.5.1. Rupture and movement along the earth's crust
1.4.6. Landslide
1.4.6.1. Rapid downhill movement
1.4.7. Tsunami
2. Volcanic Arc
2.1. Ring of Fire
2.2. Emerge on islands
2.3. Curved line parallel
3. Section 1
3.1. Pangea
3.2. Continental Drift
3.3. Rock formation evidence
3.4. Glacial features evidence
3.5. Coal Deposit evidence
3.6. Fossil Evidence
3.7. Alfred Wegner
4. Section 2
4.1. Ocean floor topography
4.2. Mid ocean ranges
4.3. Ocean trenches
4.4. Isochron Maps
4.5. Seafloor spreading
4.6. Magma
4.7. Lava
4.8. Plate tectonics
5. Section 3
5.1. Convergent Boundary
5.2. Divergent Boundary
5.3. Transform Boundary
5.4. Subduction
5.5. Fault
5.6. Fault block volcanoes
5.7. Fault block mountains
5.8. Volcano
5.9. Volcanic Arc
5.10. Earthquake
5.11. Fault Zone
5.12. Landslide
5.13. Tsunami
5.14. Impact crater
6. Section 4
6.1. Physical Weathering
6.2. Frost wedging
6.3. Plant action
6.4. Abrasion
6.5. Wind Abrasion
6.6. Water Abrasion
6.7. Glacial Abrasion
6.8. Hot dry areas
6.9. Chemical Weathering
6.10. Oxidation
6.11. Hydrolosis
6.12. Exfoliation
6.13. Carbonation
6.14. Erosion
6.15. Deposition
6.16. Small Space erosion
6.17. Surface run-off
6.18. Coastal Erosion
6.19. Large Scale erosion
6.20. Mass wasting
6.21. Glacial movement
7. Section 2
7.1. Volcano Belts
7.2. Hot Spots
7.3. Volcanic Hazard- Mudflows
7.4. Volcanic Hazard- Lava flows
7.5. Volcanic Hazard- Volcanic Ash
7.6. Volcanic Hazard- Volcanic Gases
7.7. Volcanic Hazard- Landslides
7.8. Volcanic Hazard- Pyroclastic flows
7.9. Predicting Volcanoes- Gas
7.10. Predicting Volcanoes- Deformation
7.11. Predicting Volcanoes- Ground vibration
7.12. Predicting Volcanoes- Remote sensing
7.13. Predicting Volcanoes- Lava collection
8. Section 1
8.1. Earthquakes and plate boundaries
8.2. Richter Magnitude scale
8.3. Earthquake magnitude scale
8.4. Moment magnitude scale
8.5. Modified Mercalli intensity scale
8.6. Pancaking
8.7. Liquefaction
8.8. Landslide
8.9. Tsunami
9. Unit 4 Section 2
9.1. Producers
9.1.1. These are the plants of plants
9.2. Consumers
9.2.1. Carnivores eat other organism
9.2.2. Herbivores eat other plants
9.2.3. Omnivores eat both animals and plants
9.3. Primary Consumer
9.4. Secondary Consumer
9.5. Teritiary Consumer
9.6. Detritivores
9.7. Food chain
9.7.1. The arrow indicates the direction of the flow of energy
9.8. Food web
9.9. Energy pyramid
9.9.1. Energy pyramid shows teps, called trophic levels, and hiw much energy each level has in an ecosystem
10. 6 Levels of Ecology
10.1. The biosphere
10.2. The biome - Regions on Earth with similar climates
10.3. Ecosytems - Ecosystems includes all the organisms (biotic) and non-living (abitoic) enviroment found in a particular place
10.4. Communities - A community includes all the interacting living (biotic) organisms
10.5. Populations - A population includes all members of the same species that live in one place.
10.6. Organism / Individual - The simplest form of an individual
10.7. Biotic and Abiotic Factors - The living componenets of the enviroment are called biotic factors
10.8. Limiting Factor - This is what determines how many of a species can be in an area
10.9. Carrying capacity - The largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time
10.10. Extinction - Species that has died out with no individuals are left.
10.11. Endangered species - Species whose population is at risk of extinction
10.12. Threatened Species - A species that is at risk but not yet endangered
11. Unit 4 Module 2 Section 2
11.1. Symbiosis
11.1.1. A close, long-term relationship between two species that usually involves an exchange of food or energy
11.2. Commensalism
11.2.1. One species benefits and doesnot harm the other species. Examples are plants that grow on trees or trunks of other objects
11.3. Parasitism
11.3.1. A symbolic relationship that benefits one species and harms the other. An example is a female wasp, laying eggs in a spider
11.4. Mutuallism
11.4.1. Rellationship in which both organisms benefit. Example is clownfish and anemone, where the fish is protected and provides energy in return
11.5. Cooperative Relationship
11.5.1. This is found within species how they interact together. This includes elephants working together to raise young
11.6. Predator-Prey Relationship
11.6.1. This is when one species will consume another
11.7. Competitive Relationships
11.7.1. Organisms sharing the same habitat competing for thesame resources. Could be as simple as trees competing for sunlight
12. Unit 3 Module 1 Lesson 2
12.1. Subduction Zones
12.1.1. Area where one tectonic plate sinks beneath another. These can have minerals that crystalize from hydrothermal deposuts. They come out of vents
12.2. Soil
12.2.1. Loose, weathered material that comes primarily from the breakdown of rocks
12.3. Porosity
12.3.1. The amount of pore space in a material. The greater this is. The more water can be stored into there such as limestone.
12.4. Permeability
12.4.1. The measure of water's ability to flow through sediment and rock called permebillity
13. Section 0
13.1. 1
13.1.1. Scientific Method
13.1.1.1. Observation
13.1.1.1.1. Evidence shown to prove a claim
13.1.1.2. Questions
13.1.1.2.1. What?
13.1.1.2.2. How?
13.1.1.2.3. When?
13.1.1.2.4. Where?
13.1.1.2.5. Why?
13.1.1.3. Prediction
13.1.1.3.1. Predict what will happen in a situation.
13.1.1.4. Test the Prediction
13.1.1.4.1. Qualitive Observation
13.1.1.4.2. Quantitave Observation
13.1.1.5. Iterative Process
13.1.1.6. Publish/ Peer Review
13.2. 3
13.2.1. Lab Safety Standards
13.2.1.1. Hair tied up in lab
13.2.1.2. Tie up long clothing
13.2.1.3. No open-toed shoes in lab
13.2.1.4. Always wear protective glasses
13.2.1.5. Colors of Health Hazard symbols
13.2.1.6. MSDS
13.2.1.7. Pipetting
13.3. 4
13.3.1. Lab safety
13.3.1.1. DRY
13.3.1.2. MIX
13.3.1.3. LENSES
13.3.1.4. Label and List
13.3.1.5. Equation
13.3.1.6. Notice
13.3.1.7. Speculate
13.3.1.8. Explain/Evaluate
13.3.1.9. Summary
13.4. 2
13.4.1. Claim
13.4.1.1. Evidence
13.4.1.2. Reasoning
14. Section 1
14.1. 1
14.1.1. Matter
14.1.1.1. Solid State
14.1.1.2. Liquid State
14.1.1.3. Gas State
14.2. 2
14.2.1. Temperature
14.2.1.1. Thermometer
14.2.1.2. Kelvin Scale
14.3. 3
14.3.1. Thermal Energy
14.3.1.1. Atoms
14.3.1.2. Substances
14.3.1.3. Elements
14.3.1.4. Compound
14.3.1.5. Molecule
14.4. 4
14.4.1. Periodic Table of Elements
14.4.1.1. Element symbols
14.4.1.2. Chemical Formula
15. Section 2
15.1. 1
15.1.1. Jacques Charles
15.2. 2
15.2.1. Volume Temperature Law
15.2.1.1. Thermal Contraction
15.2.1.2. Thermal Expansion
15.2.1.3. Systems
15.2.1.4. Heating
15.2.1.5. Pressure
15.2.1.6. Phase Change
15.2.1.7. Melting
15.2.1.8. Condensation
15.2.1.9. Vaporization
15.2.1.10. Boiling vs. Evaporation
16. Fault
16.1. Break in the Earth's crust
16.2. Block Mountains
16.2.1. Slides into another fault
17. Section 3
17.1. Robert Boyle
17.1.1. Boyles Law
17.1.1.1. Pressure and volume
17.1.1.2. Number of particcles
17.1.1.3. Pressure and states of matter
18. Section 4
18.1. Properties of Metal
18.1.1. Nonmetal Gas
18.1.1.1. Lab examining elements
18.1.2. Nonmetal Solids
18.1.2.1. Sulfur
18.1.3. Metals
18.1.3.1. Copper
18.1.3.2. Metals are room temp
18.1.4. Polar Covalent Compound
18.1.4.1. Has a slightly positive and negative side when put together
18.1.4.2. Causes compounds to "stick" together
18.1.5. Dissolving
18.1.5.1. Oil and water do not mix
18.1.5.1.1. Water is polar
18.1.5.1.2. Oil is nonpolar
18.1.5.2. Non polar molecules will dissolve with nonpolar molecules
18.1.6. Ionic Compounds
18.1.6.1. Bonds atoms from opposite charges
18.1.7. Covalent Compounds
18.1.7.1. Covalent compounds share electrons together instead of giving them away
18.1.8. Nonpolar Covalent Compounds
18.1.8.1. These are compounds that are are neutral in terms of charge difference and do not pull one direction or another
18.1.8.1.1. Unpaired Valence electrons
18.1.8.1.2. Equal sharing of valence electrons
19. Section 5
19.1. Rock
19.2. Mineral
19.3. Crystallization
19.4. Igneous extrusive rock
19.5. Igneous intrusive rock
19.6. Sedimentary rock
19.7. Lithification
19.8. Deposition
19.9. Compaction
19.10. Cementation
19.11. Metamorphic
20. Section 3
20.1. Hurricane
20.1.1. Saffr-Simpson Hurricane scale
20.2. Tornado
20.2.1. Enhanced Fujita Damage Intensity Scale
20.3. Flood
20.4. Drought
20.5. Drough Hazards- Soil
20.6. Drought Hazards- Wildfires
20.7. Drought Hazards-Decrease in water supply
20.8. Drought Hazards- Agricultual Impact
20.9. Predicting severe weather
21. Unit 4 Section 1
21.1. Photosynthesis
21.1.1. Plants create these sugars as food for theselves
21.2. Epidermal Leaf Cells
21.3. Cuticle
21.4. Stomata
21.5. Mesophyll cells
21.6. Chloroplasts
21.7. Chlorophyll A and B
21.8. Photosynthesis- Light cycle
21.8.1. The light absorbed is used split water H2O, into Hydrogen and Oxygen
21.8.2. The oxygen is realesed by the plant, it is a waste product for them
21.8.3. The hydrogen is stored as energy, to be used at night time
21.9. Photosynthesis - Night Cycle
21.9.1. The energy stored during is the day time, in the form of Hydrogen, is used
21.10. Different Sugars for different plants
21.10.1. The kind of plants determines what kind of sugars get made
21.10.2. These sugars are used as energy immediately by the plant itslef, or stored for later use
21.11. Cellular Respiration
21.11.1. Every cell in your body is capable of this process
21.11.2. The first step of this process is glycolosis
21.12. Glycolysis
21.13. Mitochondria
21.13.1. Some cells x=contain more than others. The burning of sugar into ATP is what generates the body heat we feel.
21.14. Fermentation
21.15. Animal Fermentation - Lactic Acid
21.16. Plant Fermentation - Ethanol alchohal
22. Unit 4 Section 3
22.1. Carbon Cycle
22.1.1. Cellular respiration - Carbon breathed as C02
22.1.2. Photosynthesis - Carbon made into sugar
22.1.3. Sedimentation - Carbon Skeletons compressed into rock
22.1.4. Decomposition - Carbon breaks down into fossil fuels
22.1.5. Fossil Fuels - Dead animals/trees with Carbon
22.1.6. Combustion - Release carbon from fossil fuels to CO2
22.2. Water Cycle
22.2.1. Evaporation / Transpiration - Water turns from liquid to gas
22.2.2. Condensation - Water forms clouds in the air
22.2.3. Precipitation - Water comes back from rain/snow
22.2.4. Run off - Water hits mountains and carves rivers, flows into lakes and oceans
22.2.5. Seepage - Water is absorbed into the ground
22.3. Oxygen Cycle
22.3.1. Cellular Respiration - Animals breathe in Oxygen, release CO2
22.3.2. Photosynthesis - Plants absorb CO2, release Oxygen
22.4. Nitrogen Cycle
22.4.1. Precipitation - Water brings N2 asa gas to the ground in water
22.4.2. Nitrogen Fixation - Bacteria take N2 from rain, and make into ammonia
22.4.3. Ammonification - Bacteria turn nitirites into nitirates
22.4.4. Nitrification - Bacteria turn nitrirites into nirates
22.4.5. Assimilation - Plants take up the fertilizers
22.4.6. Dentrification - Bacteria turn ritirates into gas N2
23. Unit 4 Module 2 Section 3
23.1. Ecological Succession
23.1.1. The process of one ecological community gradually changjng into another. Small plants begin, then larger plants, then giant ones last
23.2. Climax Community
23.2.1. A stable community that no longer goes through major ecological changes
23.3. Primary Succesion
23.3.1. This occurs in new areas of land with little soil or vegetation such as lava flows
23.4. Secondary Succesion
23.4.1. This is where an ecosystem that is already established has been destroyed and needs to restart. This canbe fromm a forest fire for example
23.5. Eutrophication
23.5.1. When the water becomes niutrient rich from fertilizer runoff. This can cause large algae bloms that can destroy the oxygen balance in the water
23.6. Dynamic Equilibrium
23.6.1. This is the balance between different parts of the ecosystem. Natural disruptions such as forest fires, floods, volcanoes, can chnage an ecosystem quickly
23.7. Human Activity - Resource extraction
23.7.1. Resources such as water and oil can cause problems from drilling and deforestations.
23.8. Human activity - Pollution
23.8.1. When continants are brought into an enviroment and cause negative change
23.9. Human activity - Nonnative Species
23.9.1. Species live outside its natural range, introduced through human invention
24. Unit 3 - Module 1 - Lesson 1
24.1. Natural Resource
24.1.1. Something on Earth that living things need in order to live
24.1.2. This comes in 3 forms primarily: Food, Water, and Shelter
24.2. Ores
24.2.1. Deposits of minerals that are large enough to be mined for profit
24.2.2. These include copper, quartz, etc
24.3. Renewable Resources
24.3.1. These can be replaced by natural processes in a short amount of time. This includes air, water, etc.
24.4. Nonrenewable Resources
24.4.1. Natural resources that are being used up faster than they can be replaced
24.4.2. This includes fossil fuels, and some minerals