1. ACTS LIKE
1.1. brave/courage
1.1.1. 'In all his life, Jem had never declined a dare.' page 13 “You oughta let your mother know where you are,” said Jem. “You oughta let her know you’re here...” Dill’s eyes flickered at Jem, and Jem looked at the floor. Then he rose and broke the remaining code of our childhood. He went out of the room and down the hall. “Atticus,” his voice was distant, “can you come here a minute, sir?” page
1.1.1.1. At the start of the novel we see Jem acting as a young boy who is not afraid of any dare that is put to him. To him being brave and courageous is to run up and touch the Radley's house. Although as the novel continues we as readers watch as Jem grows up and starts to learn what bravery and being courageous really is. He learns this off his father. He sees that being able to stand up for what you believe is being brave. We as readers see this through when he goes and breaks the childhood code by getting Atticus when Dill surprised the children by hiding under Scouts bed.
1.2. Justice
1.2.1. 'Atticus—” said Jem bleakly. He turned in the doorway. “What, son?” “How could they do it, how could they?” “I don’t know, but they did it. They’ve done it before and they did it tonight and they’ll do it again and when they do it—seems that only children weep. Good night.”' page 113
1.2.1.1. Jem at the start of the book is naive to the injustice that is going around in the town. How black people are treated differently then white. Although throughout Tom Robinson's case Jem is shown how unfair life is for these people. Jem sees how unfair it is, how this man is innocent is blamed because of his skin colour.
1.3. wants to be like his father
1.3.1. "Atticus ain't ever whipped me since I can remember. I wanta keep it that way... We shouldn'a done that tonight, Scout." page 61
1.3.1.1. This quote shows that Jem doesn't want to disappoint his fathers. It starts to imply just how much he respects his father and what he thinks of his father. We learn as readers from this just how much he would like to be like his father.
2. BELIEFS & VALUES
2.1. Jem believes it is his job to protect his father
2.1.1. "As Atticus's fists went to his hips, so did Jem's ... mutual defiance made them alike."page 168
2.1.1.1. Jem refuses to go home on the night that the children go to the jail to protect Atticus. Jem wants to stay there to help his father and is completely defiant of his fathers orders to go home because he wants to take care of him so badly
2.2. Jem believes negroes and whites are equal
2.2.1. "It was Jem's turn to cry. His face was streaked with angry tears. 'It ain't right' he muttered".
2.2.1.1. Jem is so devastated by the result of the trial of Tom Robinson. Jem doesn't understand why the jury ignored the evidence of Tom's innocence and convicted him because he's black, Jem doesn't see what matters about skin colour.
2.2.2. " 'I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world, least that's what they seemed like.' "
2.2.2.1. Jem has never seen so much racism and controversy in one sitting as he did that day in the court case. He is very rattled by it and now has a whole new perspective on the members of his town.
2.3. Jem values his sister
2.3.1. "Don't you know you're not supposed to even touch the trees over there? You'll get killed if you do!"
2.3.1.1. When Scout has taken some chewing gum from the tree outside the Radley Place, Jem is furious with her because he does not want her to get sick or die from taking deadly Radley food because he cares about her.
2.4. Jem values his education
2.4.1. I'm just tryin' to tell you the new way they're teaching first grade, stubborn. It's the Dewey Decimal system.
2.4.1.1. Jem is aware that although Scout doesn't like her new teacher, she will learn a lot from her. Jem knows the value of education
3. MOTIVATED BY
3.1. By Atticus
3.1.1. 'She was the bravest person I ever knew.” Jem picked up the candy box and threw it in the fire. He picked up the camellia, and when I went off to bed I saw him fingering the wide petals. Atticus was reading the paper.' page 121
3.1.1.1. Jem learns that maybe there is more to a person then seen by the eye. Jem is motivated by Atticius to relook at what he once believed was true about a person. He is motivated to see what this lady was once like.
3.2. His gut instinct
3.2.1. Mrs. Merriweather seemed to have a hit, everybody was cheering so, but she caught me backstage and told me I had ruined her pageant. She made me feel awful, but when Jem came to fetch me he was sympathetic. He said he couldn’t see my costume much from where he was sitting. How he could tell I was feeling bad under my costume I don’t know, but he said I did all right, I just came in a little late, that was all. Jem was becoming almost as good as Atticus at making you feel right when things went wrong. page 225
3.2.1.1. Throughout the book Jem really realise on his gut instinct. This motivates him to do many different things throughout the book. And as he matures his instincts mature. He is growing older and learns how to look after Scout and how to use his instinct to help her when needed.
3.3. His community
3.3.1. “That’s what I thought, too,” he said at last, “when I was your age. If there’s just one kind of folks, why can’t they get along with each other? If they’re all alike, why do they go out of their way to despise each other? Scout, I think I’m beginning to understand something. I think I’m beginning to understand why Boo Radley’s stayed shut up in the house all this time... it’s because he wants to stay inside.” page 117
3.3.1.1. This quote helps explains how Jem is motivated by what the community thinks. How they all believe that Tom Robinson did the crime when really he never did. Jem is motivated to prove to the town that not eveyone is as they seem. He then starts to realise why it is that Boo Radley hides himself away from the town and community.
4. HOW OTHERS SEE HIM OR HER...
4.1. The respect Jem holds from him father seen by Scout
4.1.1. "Atticus ain't ever whipped me since I can remember. I wanta keep it that way... We shouldn'a done that tonight, Scout." page 61
4.1.1.1. Jem through this shows how much respect he has for his father. He dosen't want to disappoint him in any way. He starts to learn throughout the novel how to become more responsible and when making an important decision maybe not everyone will like it. Scout sees this and notices how much he would like to be like his father
4.2. Courage/bravery
4.2.1. 'In all his life, Jem had never declined a dare.' page 13 “I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do.” page 121
4.2.1.1. Jem at the start of the book thought courage was being able to run into the Radley's house on a dare given by Scout and Dill. But he learns from his father that real courage is when you fight for what you believe in not matter what anyone else thinks.
4.3. The love his sister holds from him
4.3.1. 'His maddening superiority was unbearable these days. He didn’t want to do anything but read and go off by himself. Still, everything he read he passed along to me, but with this difference: formerly, because he thought I’d like it; now, for my edification and instruction.'page 150 'The day after Jem’s twelfth birthday his money was burning up his pockets, so we headed for town in the early afternoon. Jem thought he had enough to buy a miniature steam engine for himself and a twirling baton for me.' page 111
4.3.1.1. Even though Scout and Jem go through fights, argue and at times hate each other. You see how much Scout loves her brother and how much see looks up to him. SHe sees how much he respects their father and she learns and start to want to be like him to.
5. LOOKS LIKE
5.1. Left arm shorter than right
5.1.1. "His left arm was somewhat shorter than his right" page 3
5.1.1.1. Jem's arm broke when he was 13 at the hands of Bob Ewell.
5.2. Brown hair and eyes, oval face, snug-fitting ears
5.2.1. "Jem's soft brown hair and eyes, his oval face and snug-fitting ears were our mothers" page 168
5.2.1.1. When Scout sees Jem and Atticus arguing she notes their physical differences but their emotional similarities
5.3. Long brown hair to his eyebrows
5.3.1. "A point of straight brown hair kicked downwards from his parting"page 66
5.3.1.1. After seeing a soap doll version of Jem, Scout notices this about his hair
6. TEXTUAL ISSUES OR CONCERNS LINKED TO THIS CHARACTER
6.1. Unknown to the horror of Racism happening around him
6.1.1. 'As you grow older, you’ll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and don’t you forget it—whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash.”' page 117
6.1.1.1. This quote is said by Atticus to Jem and form this we see how he has never understood what has been happening in the town. How white people will always over power the blacks.
6.2. How much justice and judgement in the town has taken on Jem
6.2.1. 'It was Jem’s turn to cry. His face was streaked with angry tears as we made our way through the cheerful crowd. “It ain’t right,” he muttered, all the way to the corner of the square where we found Atticus waiting.' page 231
6.2.1.1. Jem learns throughout the court scean how judgmental the town is and how quick they are to judge someone just because they are black. Jem starts to relise how injustice the town is and how no one is what he once thought them to be.
6.3. The good and evil in the people in the town
6.3.1. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view-”....“-until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.” page 31
6.3.1.1. This quote is acturly said by Atticus to Scout as he trys to explain why some people act the way they do. Although this quote also relates to Jem as he learns about the poeple in his town. As they arn't everything that he once thought them to be. Everyone is full of evil and good but a lot of the town let the evil over power the good. How not everyone is as they seem.
6.4. Courage
6.4.1. 'I wanted you to see something about her—I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It’s when you know you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. Mrs. Dubose won, all ninety-eight pounds of her. According to her views, she died beholden to nothing and nobody. She was the bravest person I ever knew.” page 121
6.4.1.1. This quote is said by Atticus to Jem and is explaining what real courage is. At the of the novel Jem believes real courage to be running and touching the Radley's porch. But soon Jem learns that to be brave and courageous is to stand up for what you believe in. he learns this from not only his father but also Ms. Dubose.